Measuring underreporting and under-ascertainment in infectious disease datasets: A comparison of methods

Background Efficient and reliable surveillance and notification systems are vital for monitoring public health and disease outbreaks. However, most surveillance and notification systems are affected by a degree of underestimation (UE) and therefore uncertainty surrounds the 'true' incidence of disea...

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Main Authors: Gibbons, C.L., Mangen, M.J., Plass, D., Havelaar, A.H., Brooke, R.J., Kramarz, P., Peterson, K.L., Stuurman, A.L., Cassini, A., Fèvre, Eric M., Kretzschmar, M.E.E.
Format: Journal Article
Language:Inglés
Published: Springer 2014
Subjects:
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/35035
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author Gibbons, C.L.
Mangen, M.J.
Plass, D.
Havelaar, A.H.
Brooke, R.J.
Kramarz, P.
Peterson, K.L.
Stuurman, A.L.
Cassini, A.
Fèvre, Eric M.
Kretzschmar, M.E.E.
author_browse Brooke, R.J.
Cassini, A.
Fèvre, Eric M.
Gibbons, C.L.
Havelaar, A.H.
Kramarz, P.
Kretzschmar, M.E.E.
Mangen, M.J.
Peterson, K.L.
Plass, D.
Stuurman, A.L.
author_facet Gibbons, C.L.
Mangen, M.J.
Plass, D.
Havelaar, A.H.
Brooke, R.J.
Kramarz, P.
Peterson, K.L.
Stuurman, A.L.
Cassini, A.
Fèvre, Eric M.
Kretzschmar, M.E.E.
author_sort Gibbons, C.L.
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description Background Efficient and reliable surveillance and notification systems are vital for monitoring public health and disease outbreaks. However, most surveillance and notification systems are affected by a degree of underestimation (UE) and therefore uncertainty surrounds the 'true' incidence of disease affecting morbidity and mortality rates. Surveillance systems fail to capture cases at two distinct levels of the surveillance pyramid: from the community since not all cases seek healthcare (under-ascertainment), and at the healthcare-level, representing a failure to adequately report symptomatic cases that have sought medical advice (underreporting). There are several methods to estimate the extent of under-ascertainment and underreporting. Methods Within the context of the ECDC-funded Burden of Communicable Diseases in Europe (BCoDE)-project, an extensive literature review was conducted to identify studies that estimate ascertainment or reporting rates for salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis in European Union Member States (MS) plus European Free Trade Area (EFTA) countries Iceland, Norway and Switzerland and four other OECD countries (USA, Canada, Australia and Japan). Multiplication factors (MFs), a measure of the magnitude of underestimation, were taken directly from the literature or derived (where the proportion of underestimated, under-ascertained, or underreported cases was known) and compared for the two pathogens. Results MFs varied between and within diseases and countries, representing a need to carefully select the most appropriate MFs and methods for calculating them. The most appropriate MFs are often disease-, country-, age-, and sex-specific. Conclusions When routine data are used to make decisions on resource allocation or to estimate epidemiological parameters in populations, it becomes important to understand when, where and to what extent these data represent the true picture of disease, and in some instances (such as priority setting) it is necessary to adjust for underestimation. MFs can be used to adjust notification and surveillance data to provide more realistic estimates of incidence.
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spelling CGSpace350352024-05-01T08:19:54Z Measuring underreporting and under-ascertainment in infectious disease datasets: A comparison of methods Gibbons, C.L. Mangen, M.J. Plass, D. Havelaar, A.H. Brooke, R.J. Kramarz, P. Peterson, K.L. Stuurman, A.L. Cassini, A. Fèvre, Eric M. Kretzschmar, M.E.E. disease control epidemiology Background Efficient and reliable surveillance and notification systems are vital for monitoring public health and disease outbreaks. However, most surveillance and notification systems are affected by a degree of underestimation (UE) and therefore uncertainty surrounds the 'true' incidence of disease affecting morbidity and mortality rates. Surveillance systems fail to capture cases at two distinct levels of the surveillance pyramid: from the community since not all cases seek healthcare (under-ascertainment), and at the healthcare-level, representing a failure to adequately report symptomatic cases that have sought medical advice (underreporting). There are several methods to estimate the extent of under-ascertainment and underreporting. Methods Within the context of the ECDC-funded Burden of Communicable Diseases in Europe (BCoDE)-project, an extensive literature review was conducted to identify studies that estimate ascertainment or reporting rates for salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis in European Union Member States (MS) plus European Free Trade Area (EFTA) countries Iceland, Norway and Switzerland and four other OECD countries (USA, Canada, Australia and Japan). Multiplication factors (MFs), a measure of the magnitude of underestimation, were taken directly from the literature or derived (where the proportion of underestimated, under-ascertained, or underreported cases was known) and compared for the two pathogens. Results MFs varied between and within diseases and countries, representing a need to carefully select the most appropriate MFs and methods for calculating them. The most appropriate MFs are often disease-, country-, age-, and sex-specific. Conclusions When routine data are used to make decisions on resource allocation or to estimate epidemiological parameters in populations, it becomes important to understand when, where and to what extent these data represent the true picture of disease, and in some instances (such as priority setting) it is necessary to adjust for underestimation. MFs can be used to adjust notification and surveillance data to provide more realistic estimates of incidence. 2014-12 2014-02-26T16:02:17Z 2014-02-26T16:02:17Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/35035 en Open Access Springer Gibbons, C.L., Mangen, M.J., Plass, D., Havelaar, A.H., Brooke, R.J., Kramarz, P., Peterson, K.L., Stuurman, A.L., Cassini, A., Fèvre, E.M. and Kretzschmar, M.E.E. 2014. Measuring underreporting and under-ascertainment in infectious disease datasets: a comparison of methods. BMC Public Health 14:147.
spellingShingle disease control
epidemiology
Gibbons, C.L.
Mangen, M.J.
Plass, D.
Havelaar, A.H.
Brooke, R.J.
Kramarz, P.
Peterson, K.L.
Stuurman, A.L.
Cassini, A.
Fèvre, Eric M.
Kretzschmar, M.E.E.
Measuring underreporting and under-ascertainment in infectious disease datasets: A comparison of methods
title Measuring underreporting and under-ascertainment in infectious disease datasets: A comparison of methods
title_full Measuring underreporting and under-ascertainment in infectious disease datasets: A comparison of methods
title_fullStr Measuring underreporting and under-ascertainment in infectious disease datasets: A comparison of methods
title_full_unstemmed Measuring underreporting and under-ascertainment in infectious disease datasets: A comparison of methods
title_short Measuring underreporting and under-ascertainment in infectious disease datasets: A comparison of methods
title_sort measuring underreporting and under ascertainment in infectious disease datasets a comparison of methods
topic disease control
epidemiology
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/35035
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