A review of the economic and ecological constraints on animal draft cultivation in sub-Saharan Africa

With a limited number of cash cropping areas, sub-Saharan Africa has the lowest level of mechanization including animal-driven implements and use of tractors. In this paper previous research is reviewed to evaluate the economic and ecological constraints to animal draft cultivation. Results of past...

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Main Authors: Ehui, Simeon K., Polson, R.
Format: Journal Article
Language:Inglés
Published: Elsevier 1993
Subjects:
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/29636
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author Ehui, Simeon K.
Polson, R.
author_browse Ehui, Simeon K.
Polson, R.
author_facet Ehui, Simeon K.
Polson, R.
author_sort Ehui, Simeon K.
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description With a limited number of cash cropping areas, sub-Saharan Africa has the lowest level of mechanization including animal-driven implements and use of tractors. In this paper previous research is reviewed to evaluate the economic and ecological constraints to animal draft cultivation. Results of past studies have shown that the animal-drawn plow is only profitable at higher intensities of farming induced by population growth and better market access. Utilization and use of animal-drawn implements will, however, be low in areas characterized by light soils (arid zones) or areas prone to erosion, or with a short growing season. Other constraints on the profitable use of animal draft are farmers' characteristics and policy factors. Farm and family size, the farmer's experience and types of equipment are shown to play important roles. One factor often ignored is the opportunity cost of labour and capital during off-farm activities. Utilization of animal traction implies tending costs. If, however, the cost of maintaining the animal outside the peak season reduced off-farm income opportunities, farmers are not likely to make a profitable use of the plow. Other opportunities available to the farmer (eg. beef production when beef prices are high) are likely to have a negative impact on utilization of oxen cultivation. Rural-urban dualism which characterizes African agriculture owing to low agricultural productivity and high wages in cities, is likely to be an important constraint.
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spelling CGSpace296362024-05-01T08:19:11Z A review of the economic and ecological constraints on animal draft cultivation in sub-Saharan Africa Ehui, Simeon K. Polson, R. animal power cultivation population density food supply economic situation soil policies bullocks With a limited number of cash cropping areas, sub-Saharan Africa has the lowest level of mechanization including animal-driven implements and use of tractors. In this paper previous research is reviewed to evaluate the economic and ecological constraints to animal draft cultivation. Results of past studies have shown that the animal-drawn plow is only profitable at higher intensities of farming induced by population growth and better market access. Utilization and use of animal-drawn implements will, however, be low in areas characterized by light soils (arid zones) or areas prone to erosion, or with a short growing season. Other constraints on the profitable use of animal draft are farmers' characteristics and policy factors. Farm and family size, the farmer's experience and types of equipment are shown to play important roles. One factor often ignored is the opportunity cost of labour and capital during off-farm activities. Utilization of animal traction implies tending costs. If, however, the cost of maintaining the animal outside the peak season reduced off-farm income opportunities, farmers are not likely to make a profitable use of the plow. Other opportunities available to the farmer (eg. beef production when beef prices are high) are likely to have a negative impact on utilization of oxen cultivation. Rural-urban dualism which characterizes African agriculture owing to low agricultural productivity and high wages in cities, is likely to be an important constraint. 1993-10 2013-06-11T09:24:17Z 2013-06-11T09:24:17Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/29636 en Limited Access Elsevier Soil and Tillage Research;27(1-4): 195-210
spellingShingle animal power
cultivation
population density
food supply
economic situation
soil
policies
bullocks
Ehui, Simeon K.
Polson, R.
A review of the economic and ecological constraints on animal draft cultivation in sub-Saharan Africa
title A review of the economic and ecological constraints on animal draft cultivation in sub-Saharan Africa
title_full A review of the economic and ecological constraints on animal draft cultivation in sub-Saharan Africa
title_fullStr A review of the economic and ecological constraints on animal draft cultivation in sub-Saharan Africa
title_full_unstemmed A review of the economic and ecological constraints on animal draft cultivation in sub-Saharan Africa
title_short A review of the economic and ecological constraints on animal draft cultivation in sub-Saharan Africa
title_sort review of the economic and ecological constraints on animal draft cultivation in sub saharan africa
topic animal power
cultivation
population density
food supply
economic situation
soil
policies
bullocks
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/29636
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