Between extractivism and peasant agriculture: differentiation of rural settlements in the Bolivian Amazon
The economy of the northern Bolivian Amazon has historically been based on rubber and other non-timber forest products (NTFPs). In the late 19th century, the upcoming rubber boom lead to the establishment of rubber estates. Following World War I, a first rubber crisis forced some estate owners to ab...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | Inglés |
| Published: |
2000
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/18240 |
| _version_ | 1855513827331801088 |
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| author | Stoian, D. Henkemans, A. |
| author_browse | Henkemans, A. Stoian, D. |
| author_facet | Stoian, D. Henkemans, A. |
| author_sort | Stoian, D. |
| collection | Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace) |
| description | The economy of the northern Bolivian Amazon has historically been based on rubber and other non-timber forest products (NTFPs). In the late 19th century, the upcoming rubber boom lead to the establishment of rubber estates. Following World War I, a first rubber crisis forced some estate owners to abandon their land, favouring the emergence of independent communities. A second rubber crisis after World War II, along with the Agrarian Reform in 1953, accelerated the disintegration of rubber estates and the foundation of independent communities. In the early 1990s, the conclusive halt of Bolivian rubber production fuelled rural-urban migration and the differentiation of rural settlements. This paper examines the evolution from pure rubber estates to a wide array of settlement types. A settlement typology distinguishes four types of estates and six types of independent communities with varying trade-offs between extractivism and peasant agriculture. The findings have important implications for NFTP-based development. First, extraction-based livelihoods are socially acceptable only when access to basic services, such as schooling, health care, and transportation, is ensured. Second, in the region's remote areas the supply of such services needs to rely on a forest concession system within which the private sector bears the required investments. Finally, indigenous communities participating in NTFP trade need to demarcate their sphere in between the remote forest concessions and the non-tribal peasantry in the vicinity of town. |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | CGSpace18240 |
| institution | CGIAR Consortium |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2000 |
| publishDateRange | 2000 |
| publishDateSort | 2000 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | CGSpace182402025-01-24T14:11:50Z Between extractivism and peasant agriculture: differentiation of rural settlements in the Bolivian Amazon Stoian, D. Henkemans, A. brazil nuts non-timber forest products peasantry rubber settlement rural urban migration The economy of the northern Bolivian Amazon has historically been based on rubber and other non-timber forest products (NTFPs). In the late 19th century, the upcoming rubber boom lead to the establishment of rubber estates. Following World War I, a first rubber crisis forced some estate owners to abandon their land, favouring the emergence of independent communities. A second rubber crisis after World War II, along with the Agrarian Reform in 1953, accelerated the disintegration of rubber estates and the foundation of independent communities. In the early 1990s, the conclusive halt of Bolivian rubber production fuelled rural-urban migration and the differentiation of rural settlements. This paper examines the evolution from pure rubber estates to a wide array of settlement types. A settlement typology distinguishes four types of estates and six types of independent communities with varying trade-offs between extractivism and peasant agriculture. The findings have important implications for NFTP-based development. First, extraction-based livelihoods are socially acceptable only when access to basic services, such as schooling, health care, and transportation, is ensured. Second, in the region's remote areas the supply of such services needs to rely on a forest concession system within which the private sector bears the required investments. Finally, indigenous communities participating in NTFP trade need to demarcate their sphere in between the remote forest concessions and the non-tribal peasantry in the vicinity of town. 2000 2012-06-04T09:06:14Z 2012-06-04T09:06:14Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/18240 en Stoian, D., Henkemans, A. 2000. Between extractivism and peasant agriculture: differentiation of rural settlements in the Bolivian Amazon . International Tree Crops Journal 10 (4) :299-319. |
| spellingShingle | brazil nuts non-timber forest products peasantry rubber settlement rural urban migration Stoian, D. Henkemans, A. Between extractivism and peasant agriculture: differentiation of rural settlements in the Bolivian Amazon |
| title | Between extractivism and peasant agriculture: differentiation of rural settlements in the Bolivian Amazon |
| title_full | Between extractivism and peasant agriculture: differentiation of rural settlements in the Bolivian Amazon |
| title_fullStr | Between extractivism and peasant agriculture: differentiation of rural settlements in the Bolivian Amazon |
| title_full_unstemmed | Between extractivism and peasant agriculture: differentiation of rural settlements in the Bolivian Amazon |
| title_short | Between extractivism and peasant agriculture: differentiation of rural settlements in the Bolivian Amazon |
| title_sort | between extractivism and peasant agriculture differentiation of rural settlements in the bolivian amazon |
| topic | brazil nuts non-timber forest products peasantry rubber settlement rural urban migration |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/18240 |
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