Unpacking the political economy of fertilizer subsidy reforms

Global calls to repurpose agricultural support toward more sustainable and equitable food systems have intensified scrutiny of fertilizer subsidies. While political economy constraints often hinder reform, the exact manifestation of these constraints is rarely examined. To clarify the specific mecha...

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Autores principales: Chugh, Aditi, Resnick, Danielle
Formato: Artículo preliminar
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: International Food Policy Research Institute 2025
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/180322
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author Chugh, Aditi
Resnick, Danielle
author_browse Chugh, Aditi
Resnick, Danielle
author_facet Chugh, Aditi
Resnick, Danielle
author_sort Chugh, Aditi
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description Global calls to repurpose agricultural support toward more sustainable and equitable food systems have intensified scrutiny of fertilizer subsidies. While political economy constraints often hinder reform, the exact manifestation of these constraints is rarely examined. To clarify the specific mechanisms at play, this paper systematically reviews peer-reviewed studies from 2000 to 2025 and identifies 38 fertilizer subsidy reform cases across 15 countries. We code political economy factors influencing outcomes at different stages of subsidy adoption and redesign. The analysis shows that ideational factors around self-sufficiency, the private sector, and the social contract, as well as the institutional structures impacting policymaking, are central to successful subsidy introduction. Electoral incentives play a role at both the policy introduction and redesign phases. Yet, political economy factors are not the only prominent drivers. In fact, technocratic considerations about underperformance or corruption became more prominent during redesign efforts but were also present in more than 80 percent of failed cases. This reaffirms that while technocratic factors, including the availability of research and evidence are necessary for subsidy design improvements, they are not sufficient on their own. By distinguishing which political economy factors matter and how they interact with broader policy process dynamics, this study provides a more actionable foundation for anticipating and managing challenges to fertilizer subsidy reforms and repurposing more broadly.
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spelling CGSpace1803222026-01-22T02:01:55Z Unpacking the political economy of fertilizer subsidy reforms Chugh, Aditi Resnick, Danielle fertilizers subsidies reforms policies political ecology Global calls to repurpose agricultural support toward more sustainable and equitable food systems have intensified scrutiny of fertilizer subsidies. While political economy constraints often hinder reform, the exact manifestation of these constraints is rarely examined. To clarify the specific mechanisms at play, this paper systematically reviews peer-reviewed studies from 2000 to 2025 and identifies 38 fertilizer subsidy reform cases across 15 countries. We code political economy factors influencing outcomes at different stages of subsidy adoption and redesign. The analysis shows that ideational factors around self-sufficiency, the private sector, and the social contract, as well as the institutional structures impacting policymaking, are central to successful subsidy introduction. Electoral incentives play a role at both the policy introduction and redesign phases. Yet, political economy factors are not the only prominent drivers. In fact, technocratic considerations about underperformance or corruption became more prominent during redesign efforts but were also present in more than 80 percent of failed cases. This reaffirms that while technocratic factors, including the availability of research and evidence are necessary for subsidy design improvements, they are not sufficient on their own. By distinguishing which political economy factors matter and how they interact with broader policy process dynamics, this study provides a more actionable foundation for anticipating and managing challenges to fertilizer subsidy reforms and repurposing more broadly. 2025-12-31 2026-01-21T17:33:56Z 2026-01-21T17:33:56Z Working Paper https://hdl.handle.net/10568/180322 en https://hdl.handle.net/10568/140114 https://hdl.handle.net/10568/147858 https://hdl.handle.net/10568/146275 https://hdl.handle.net/10568/148618 Open Access application/pdf International Food Policy Research Institute Chugh, Aditi; and Resnick, Danielle. 2025. Unpacking the political economy of fertilizer subsidy reforms. IFPRI Discussion Paper 2397. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/180322
spellingShingle fertilizers
subsidies
reforms
policies
political ecology
Chugh, Aditi
Resnick, Danielle
Unpacking the political economy of fertilizer subsidy reforms
title Unpacking the political economy of fertilizer subsidy reforms
title_full Unpacking the political economy of fertilizer subsidy reforms
title_fullStr Unpacking the political economy of fertilizer subsidy reforms
title_full_unstemmed Unpacking the political economy of fertilizer subsidy reforms
title_short Unpacking the political economy of fertilizer subsidy reforms
title_sort unpacking the political economy of fertilizer subsidy reforms
topic fertilizers
subsidies
reforms
policies
political ecology
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/180322
work_keys_str_mv AT chughaditi unpackingthepoliticaleconomyoffertilizersubsidyreforms
AT resnickdanielle unpackingthepoliticaleconomyoffertilizersubsidyreforms