Divergent energy transitions: Agricultural mechanization and domestic energy poverty among farming households in rural Pakistan

According to the food-energy-water nexus framework, energy choices in both agriculture and household domains are connected, and affect water access, agricultural production, household consumption patterns, and ultimately food security. This study examines dual energy portfolios among farming househo...

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Autores principales: Raja, Sehrish, Alvi, Muzna, Ringler, Claudia
Formato: Preprint
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: Research Square 2026
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/179607
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author Raja, Sehrish
Alvi, Muzna
Ringler, Claudia
author_browse Alvi, Muzna
Raja, Sehrish
Ringler, Claudia
author_facet Raja, Sehrish
Alvi, Muzna
Ringler, Claudia
author_sort Raja, Sehrish
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description According to the food-energy-water nexus framework, energy choices in both agriculture and household domains are connected, and affect water access, agricultural production, household consumption patterns, and ultimately food security. This study examines dual energy portfolios among farming households in Rahim Yar Khan district, in Punjab, Pakistan. Using cross-sectional data from 1018 households, we analyze how the distinct but interconnected energy domains onfarm and at-home, relate to household wealth and location, but follow fundamentally different transition trajectories. We find that a majority of households use mechanization on farms, including the use of irrigation pumps, threshers and tractors. Mechanization increases with household wealth and farm size, confirming the energy ladder hypothesis. However, for the same households, domestic clean energy access remains limited across all wealth categories and farm sizes, with only 6% using clean cooking and heating energy. The findings reveal that agricultural and domestic energy transitions are proceeding at different paces among the same households, with implications for integrated energy policy. Our study highlights the need for policies that address both agricultural and domestic energy needs simultaneously while considering the trade-offs and synergies between these domains within household resource constraints.
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spelling CGSpace1796072026-01-09T19:27:36Z Divergent energy transitions: Agricultural mechanization and domestic energy poverty among farming households in rural Pakistan Raja, Sehrish Alvi, Muzna Ringler, Claudia climate change irrigation mechanization energy households According to the food-energy-water nexus framework, energy choices in both agriculture and household domains are connected, and affect water access, agricultural production, household consumption patterns, and ultimately food security. This study examines dual energy portfolios among farming households in Rahim Yar Khan district, in Punjab, Pakistan. Using cross-sectional data from 1018 households, we analyze how the distinct but interconnected energy domains onfarm and at-home, relate to household wealth and location, but follow fundamentally different transition trajectories. We find that a majority of households use mechanization on farms, including the use of irrigation pumps, threshers and tractors. Mechanization increases with household wealth and farm size, confirming the energy ladder hypothesis. However, for the same households, domestic clean energy access remains limited across all wealth categories and farm sizes, with only 6% using clean cooking and heating energy. The findings reveal that agricultural and domestic energy transitions are proceeding at different paces among the same households, with implications for integrated energy policy. Our study highlights the need for policies that address both agricultural and domestic energy needs simultaneously while considering the trade-offs and synergies between these domains within household resource constraints. 2026-01-07 2026-01-09T19:27:35Z 2026-01-09T19:27:35Z Preprint https://hdl.handle.net/10568/179607 en Open Access Research Square Raja, Sehrish; Alvi, Muzna; and Ringler, Claudia. 2025. Divergent energy transitions: Agricultural mechanization and domestic energy poverty among farming households in rural Pakistan. Research Square Preprint. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8404225/v1
spellingShingle climate change
irrigation
mechanization
energy
households
Raja, Sehrish
Alvi, Muzna
Ringler, Claudia
Divergent energy transitions: Agricultural mechanization and domestic energy poverty among farming households in rural Pakistan
title Divergent energy transitions: Agricultural mechanization and domestic energy poverty among farming households in rural Pakistan
title_full Divergent energy transitions: Agricultural mechanization and domestic energy poverty among farming households in rural Pakistan
title_fullStr Divergent energy transitions: Agricultural mechanization and domestic energy poverty among farming households in rural Pakistan
title_full_unstemmed Divergent energy transitions: Agricultural mechanization and domestic energy poverty among farming households in rural Pakistan
title_short Divergent energy transitions: Agricultural mechanization and domestic energy poverty among farming households in rural Pakistan
title_sort divergent energy transitions agricultural mechanization and domestic energy poverty among farming households in rural pakistan
topic climate change
irrigation
mechanization
energy
households
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/179607
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AT alvimuzna divergentenergytransitionsagriculturalmechanizationanddomesticenergypovertyamongfarminghouseholdsinruralpakistan
AT ringlerclaudia divergentenergytransitionsagriculturalmechanizationanddomesticenergypovertyamongfarminghouseholdsinruralpakistan