Unraveling the genetic basis of heat tolerance and yield in bread wheat: QTN discovery and Its KASP-assisted validation

Background: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a globally significant cereal crop and staple food, faces major production challenges due to abiotic stresses such as heat stress (HS), which pose a threat to global food security. To address this, a diverse panel of 126 wheat genotypes, primarily landraces,...

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Autores principales: Bashir, Latief, Budhlakoti, Neeraj, Pradhan, Anjan Kumar, Mehmood, Azhar, Haque, Mahin, Jacob, Sherry R., Bhardwaj, Rakesh, Gaikwad, Kiran, Dwijesh Chandra Mishra, Kaur, Satinder, Bhati, Pradeep Kumar, Singh, Gyanendra Pratap, Kumar, Sundeep
Formato: Journal Article
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: BioMed Central Ltd. 2025
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/179273
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author Bashir, Latief
Budhlakoti, Neeraj
Pradhan, Anjan Kumar
Mehmood, Azhar
Haque, Mahin
Jacob, Sherry R.
Bhardwaj, Rakesh
Gaikwad, Kiran
Dwijesh Chandra Mishra
Kaur, Satinder
Bhati, Pradeep Kumar
Singh, Gyanendra Pratap
Kumar, Sundeep
author_browse Bashir, Latief
Bhardwaj, Rakesh
Bhati, Pradeep Kumar
Budhlakoti, Neeraj
Dwijesh Chandra Mishra
Gaikwad, Kiran
Haque, Mahin
Jacob, Sherry R.
Kaur, Satinder
Kumar, Sundeep
Mehmood, Azhar
Pradhan, Anjan Kumar
Singh, Gyanendra Pratap
author_facet Bashir, Latief
Budhlakoti, Neeraj
Pradhan, Anjan Kumar
Mehmood, Azhar
Haque, Mahin
Jacob, Sherry R.
Bhardwaj, Rakesh
Gaikwad, Kiran
Dwijesh Chandra Mishra
Kaur, Satinder
Bhati, Pradeep Kumar
Singh, Gyanendra Pratap
Kumar, Sundeep
author_sort Bashir, Latief
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description Background: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a globally significant cereal crop and staple food, faces major production challenges due to abiotic stresses such as heat stress (HS), which pose a threat to global food security. To address this, a diverse panel of 126 wheat genotypes, primarily landraces, was evaluated across twelve environments in India, comprising of three locations, two years and two growing conditions. The study aimed to identify genetic markers associated with key agronomic traits in bread wheat, including germination percentage (GERM_PCT), ground cover (GC), days to booting (DTB), days to heading (DTHD), days to flowering (DTFL), days to maturity (DTMT), plant height (PH), grain yield (GYLD), thousand grain weight (TGW), and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) under both timely and late-sown conditions using 35 K SNP genotyping assays. Multi-locus GWAS (ML-GWAS) was employed to detect significant marker-trait associations, and the identified markers were further validated using Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP). Results: Six ML-GWAS models were employed for this purpose, leading to the identification of 42 highly significant and consistent quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) under both timely and late sown conditions, controlled by 20 SNPs, explaining 3-58% of the total phenotypic variation. Among these, noteworthy QTNs were a major grain yield QTN (qtn_nbpgr_GYLD_3B) on chromosome 3B, a pleiotropic SNP AX-95018072 on chromosome 7A influencing phenology and NDVI, and robust TGW QTNs on chromosomes 2B (qtn_nbpgr_TGW_2B), 1A (qtn_nbpgr_TGW_1A), and 4B (qtn_nbpgr_TGW_4B). Furthermore, annotation revealed that candidate genes near these QTNs encoded stress-responsive proteins, such as chaperonins, glycosyl hydrolases, and signaling molecules. Additionally, three major SNPs AX-95018072 (7A), AX-94946941 (6B), and AX-95232570 (1B) were successfully validated using KASP assay. Conclusion: Our study effectively uncovered novel QTNs and candidate genes linked to heat tolerance and yield-related traits in wheat through an extensive genetic approaches. These QTNs not only corresponded with previously identified QTLs and genes associated with yield traits but also highlighted several new loci, broadening the existing genetic understanding. These findings provide valuable insights into the genetic basis of heat tolerance in wheat and offer genomic resources, including validated markers that could accelerate marker-assisted breeding and the development of next-generation heat-resilient cultivars.
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spelling CGSpace1792732025-12-24T02:01:30Z Unraveling the genetic basis of heat tolerance and yield in bread wheat: QTN discovery and Its KASP-assisted validation Bashir, Latief Budhlakoti, Neeraj Pradhan, Anjan Kumar Mehmood, Azhar Haque, Mahin Jacob, Sherry R. Bhardwaj, Rakesh Gaikwad, Kiran Dwijesh Chandra Mishra Kaur, Satinder Bhati, Pradeep Kumar Singh, Gyanendra Pratap Kumar, Sundeep soft wheat heat tolerance yield factors yield components snp genotyping multilocus sequence analysis pcr Background: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a globally significant cereal crop and staple food, faces major production challenges due to abiotic stresses such as heat stress (HS), which pose a threat to global food security. To address this, a diverse panel of 126 wheat genotypes, primarily landraces, was evaluated across twelve environments in India, comprising of three locations, two years and two growing conditions. The study aimed to identify genetic markers associated with key agronomic traits in bread wheat, including germination percentage (GERM_PCT), ground cover (GC), days to booting (DTB), days to heading (DTHD), days to flowering (DTFL), days to maturity (DTMT), plant height (PH), grain yield (GYLD), thousand grain weight (TGW), and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) under both timely and late-sown conditions using 35 K SNP genotyping assays. Multi-locus GWAS (ML-GWAS) was employed to detect significant marker-trait associations, and the identified markers were further validated using Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP). Results: Six ML-GWAS models were employed for this purpose, leading to the identification of 42 highly significant and consistent quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) under both timely and late sown conditions, controlled by 20 SNPs, explaining 3-58% of the total phenotypic variation. Among these, noteworthy QTNs were a major grain yield QTN (qtn_nbpgr_GYLD_3B) on chromosome 3B, a pleiotropic SNP AX-95018072 on chromosome 7A influencing phenology and NDVI, and robust TGW QTNs on chromosomes 2B (qtn_nbpgr_TGW_2B), 1A (qtn_nbpgr_TGW_1A), and 4B (qtn_nbpgr_TGW_4B). Furthermore, annotation revealed that candidate genes near these QTNs encoded stress-responsive proteins, such as chaperonins, glycosyl hydrolases, and signaling molecules. Additionally, three major SNPs AX-95018072 (7A), AX-94946941 (6B), and AX-95232570 (1B) were successfully validated using KASP assay. Conclusion: Our study effectively uncovered novel QTNs and candidate genes linked to heat tolerance and yield-related traits in wheat through an extensive genetic approaches. These QTNs not only corresponded with previously identified QTLs and genes associated with yield traits but also highlighted several new loci, broadening the existing genetic understanding. These findings provide valuable insights into the genetic basis of heat tolerance in wheat and offer genomic resources, including validated markers that could accelerate marker-assisted breeding and the development of next-generation heat-resilient cultivars. 2025-12 2025-12-23T21:20:33Z 2025-12-23T21:20:33Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/179273 en Open Access application/pdf BioMed Central Ltd. Bashir, L., Budhlakoti, N., Pradhan, A. K., Mehmood, A., Haque, M., Jacob, S. R., Bhardwaj, R., Gaikwad, K., Mishra, D. C., Kaur, S., Bhati, P. K., Singh, G. P., & Kumar, S. (2025). Unraveling the genetic basis of heat tolerance and yield in bread wheat: QTN discovery and Its KASP-assisted validation. BMC Plant Biology, 25(1), 268. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06285-4
spellingShingle soft wheat
heat tolerance
yield factors
yield components
snp genotyping
multilocus sequence analysis
pcr
Bashir, Latief
Budhlakoti, Neeraj
Pradhan, Anjan Kumar
Mehmood, Azhar
Haque, Mahin
Jacob, Sherry R.
Bhardwaj, Rakesh
Gaikwad, Kiran
Dwijesh Chandra Mishra
Kaur, Satinder
Bhati, Pradeep Kumar
Singh, Gyanendra Pratap
Kumar, Sundeep
Unraveling the genetic basis of heat tolerance and yield in bread wheat: QTN discovery and Its KASP-assisted validation
title Unraveling the genetic basis of heat tolerance and yield in bread wheat: QTN discovery and Its KASP-assisted validation
title_full Unraveling the genetic basis of heat tolerance and yield in bread wheat: QTN discovery and Its KASP-assisted validation
title_fullStr Unraveling the genetic basis of heat tolerance and yield in bread wheat: QTN discovery and Its KASP-assisted validation
title_full_unstemmed Unraveling the genetic basis of heat tolerance and yield in bread wheat: QTN discovery and Its KASP-assisted validation
title_short Unraveling the genetic basis of heat tolerance and yield in bread wheat: QTN discovery and Its KASP-assisted validation
title_sort unraveling the genetic basis of heat tolerance and yield in bread wheat qtn discovery and its kasp assisted validation
topic soft wheat
heat tolerance
yield factors
yield components
snp genotyping
multilocus sequence analysis
pcr
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/179273
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