Comparison of the in vitro infectivity of different strains of Theileria parva in the Muguga cocktail vaccine

<i>Theileria parva</i>, a protozoan parasite, is the causative agent of East Coast fever (ECF), an economically important disease of cattle in sub-Saharan Africa. The Muguga cocktail vaccine which comprises three <i>T. parva</i> strains namely, Muguga, Kiambu 5, and Serengeti transformed, is used fo...

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Autores principales: Mhonjo, W., Chaka, G., Patel, Ekta, Kainga, H., Kapalamula, T., Nakao, R., Hayashida, K., Chatanga, E.
Formato: Journal Article
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: Cambridge University Press 2025
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/179183
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author Mhonjo, W.
Chaka, G.
Patel, Ekta
Kainga, H.
Kapalamula, T.
Nakao, R.
Hayashida, K.
Chatanga, E.
author_browse Chaka, G.
Chatanga, E.
Hayashida, K.
Kainga, H.
Kapalamula, T.
Mhonjo, W.
Nakao, R.
Patel, Ekta
author_facet Mhonjo, W.
Chaka, G.
Patel, Ekta
Kainga, H.
Kapalamula, T.
Nakao, R.
Hayashida, K.
Chatanga, E.
author_sort Mhonjo, W.
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description <i>Theileria parva</i>, a protozoan parasite, is the causative agent of East Coast fever (ECF), an economically important disease of cattle in sub-Saharan Africa. The Muguga cocktail vaccine which comprises three <i>T. parva</i> strains namely, Muguga, Kiambu 5, and Serengeti transformed, is used for immunisation of cattle to control ECF. However, the relative contributions of these <i>T. parva</i> strains to vaccine efficacy are not fully understood. This study compared the in vitro infectivity of the strains at varying concentrations of 2.75, 84.5, and 169 infected acini/ml using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from a bovine donor. The presence of Schizonts in cytospin smears was used to determine infectivity rates. The results indicated significant differences in the overall infectivity among the three strains at the concentrations 2.75 and 84.5 infected acini/ml but not at 169 infected acini/ml (p ≤ 0.05). These results suggest that infectivity potential reduces as the concentration increases. This was also supported by the observation that contamination increased at higher concentrations, complicating visualization and analysis. The findings reinforce the need to support the balanced composition of the Muguga cocktail vaccine to ensure broad-spectrum protection against ECF. This study emphasizes maintaining strain proportions in vaccine formulations. Future research should focus on advanced molecular techniques to refine infectivity assessments and explore strain-specific immune responses in vivo, contributing to optimized vaccine efficacy and sustainable control of ECF in endemic countries.
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spelling CGSpace1791832025-12-23T08:09:21Z Comparison of the in vitro infectivity of different strains of Theileria parva in the Muguga cocktail vaccine Mhonjo, W. Chaka, G. Patel, Ekta Kainga, H. Kapalamula, T. Nakao, R. Hayashida, K. Chatanga, E. east coast fever vaccines <i>Theileria parva</i>, a protozoan parasite, is the causative agent of East Coast fever (ECF), an economically important disease of cattle in sub-Saharan Africa. The Muguga cocktail vaccine which comprises three <i>T. parva</i> strains namely, Muguga, Kiambu 5, and Serengeti transformed, is used for immunisation of cattle to control ECF. However, the relative contributions of these <i>T. parva</i> strains to vaccine efficacy are not fully understood. This study compared the in vitro infectivity of the strains at varying concentrations of 2.75, 84.5, and 169 infected acini/ml using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from a bovine donor. The presence of Schizonts in cytospin smears was used to determine infectivity rates. The results indicated significant differences in the overall infectivity among the three strains at the concentrations 2.75 and 84.5 infected acini/ml but not at 169 infected acini/ml (p ≤ 0.05). These results suggest that infectivity potential reduces as the concentration increases. This was also supported by the observation that contamination increased at higher concentrations, complicating visualization and analysis. The findings reinforce the need to support the balanced composition of the Muguga cocktail vaccine to ensure broad-spectrum protection against ECF. This study emphasizes maintaining strain proportions in vaccine formulations. Future research should focus on advanced molecular techniques to refine infectivity assessments and explore strain-specific immune responses in vivo, contributing to optimized vaccine efficacy and sustainable control of ECF in endemic countries. 2025 2025-12-22T13:23:12Z 2025-12-22T13:23:12Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/179183 en Open Access Cambridge University Press Mhonjo, W., Chaka, G., Patel, E., Kainga, H., Kapalamula, T., Nakao, R., Hayashida, K. and Chatanga, E. 2025. Comparison of the in vitro infectivity of different strains of <i>Theileria parva</i> in the Muguga cocktail vaccine. Parasitology.
spellingShingle east coast fever
vaccines
Mhonjo, W.
Chaka, G.
Patel, Ekta
Kainga, H.
Kapalamula, T.
Nakao, R.
Hayashida, K.
Chatanga, E.
Comparison of the in vitro infectivity of different strains of Theileria parva in the Muguga cocktail vaccine
title Comparison of the in vitro infectivity of different strains of Theileria parva in the Muguga cocktail vaccine
title_full Comparison of the in vitro infectivity of different strains of Theileria parva in the Muguga cocktail vaccine
title_fullStr Comparison of the in vitro infectivity of different strains of Theileria parva in the Muguga cocktail vaccine
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of the in vitro infectivity of different strains of Theileria parva in the Muguga cocktail vaccine
title_short Comparison of the in vitro infectivity of different strains of Theileria parva in the Muguga cocktail vaccine
title_sort comparison of the in vitro infectivity of different strains of theileria parva in the muguga cocktail vaccine
topic east coast fever
vaccines
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/179183
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