Livelihoods and recovery after Cyclone Idai: Short- and long-run household evidence from Mozambique

Sub-Saharan Africa bears a disproportionate share of global poverty and is also among the regions most vulnerable to natural disasters that pose persistent threats to livelihoods, food security, and long-run development. This study examines how exposure to a major natural disaster—Cyclone Idai, one...

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Autores principales: Allen IV, James, Yu, Hang
Formato: Brief
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: International Food Policy Research Institute 2025
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/178950
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author Allen IV, James
Yu, Hang
author_browse Allen IV, James
Yu, Hang
author_facet Allen IV, James
Yu, Hang
author_sort Allen IV, James
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description Sub-Saharan Africa bears a disproportionate share of global poverty and is also among the regions most vulnerable to natural disasters that pose persistent threats to livelihoods, food security, and long-run development. This study examines how exposure to a major natural disaster—Cyclone Idai, one of the deadliest and costliest disasters in Mozambique’s history—affected household well-being and economic behavior in central Mozambique following its landfall in March 2019. We combine satellite-based best-track data on Cyclone Idai’s trajectory with longitudinal household survey data collected both shortly after the disaster and five to six years later. Specifically, we link predicted maximum wind speed at the community level to a pre-defined sample of households surveyed before the cyclone, allowing us to estimate impacts in the short run (within the same year) and the longer run. This design leverages rich pre-baseline data and province fixed effects to mitigate concerns about selection bias, displacement, and omitted variables that commonly complicate causal inference in disaster impact studies. We find that greater cyclone exposure is strongly associated with short-run reports of shock experience and asset loss, validating predicted wind speed as a measure of disaster intensity. In the long run, however, households appear to recover from the immediate shock. Cyclone exposure is associated with persistent declines in reliance on agriculture as a primary livelihood and increases in small business activity and formal wage employment. At the same time, we observe mixed effects on asset ownership, with sustained declines in housing ownership alongside increases in durable asset holdings. Future work will continue to highlight how complex and heterogeneous pathways through which large-scale disasters reshape household livelihoods and economic behavior over time.
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spelling CGSpace1789502025-12-18T02:11:35Z Livelihoods and recovery after Cyclone Idai: Short- and long-run household evidence from Mozambique Allen IV, James Yu, Hang livelihoods cyclones extreme weather events households Sub-Saharan Africa bears a disproportionate share of global poverty and is also among the regions most vulnerable to natural disasters that pose persistent threats to livelihoods, food security, and long-run development. This study examines how exposure to a major natural disaster—Cyclone Idai, one of the deadliest and costliest disasters in Mozambique’s history—affected household well-being and economic behavior in central Mozambique following its landfall in March 2019. We combine satellite-based best-track data on Cyclone Idai’s trajectory with longitudinal household survey data collected both shortly after the disaster and five to six years later. Specifically, we link predicted maximum wind speed at the community level to a pre-defined sample of households surveyed before the cyclone, allowing us to estimate impacts in the short run (within the same year) and the longer run. This design leverages rich pre-baseline data and province fixed effects to mitigate concerns about selection bias, displacement, and omitted variables that commonly complicate causal inference in disaster impact studies. We find that greater cyclone exposure is strongly associated with short-run reports of shock experience and asset loss, validating predicted wind speed as a measure of disaster intensity. In the long run, however, households appear to recover from the immediate shock. Cyclone exposure is associated with persistent declines in reliance on agriculture as a primary livelihood and increases in small business activity and formal wage employment. At the same time, we observe mixed effects on asset ownership, with sustained declines in housing ownership alongside increases in durable asset holdings. Future work will continue to highlight how complex and heterogeneous pathways through which large-scale disasters reshape household livelihoods and economic behavior over time. 2025-12-17 2025-12-17T19:51:46Z 2025-12-17T19:51:46Z Brief https://hdl.handle.net/10568/178950 en Open Access application/pdf International Food Policy Research Institute Allen IV, James; and Yu, Hang. 2025. Livelihoods and recovery after Cyclone Idai: Short- and long-run household evidence from Mozambique. FCA Brief. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/178950
spellingShingle livelihoods
cyclones
extreme weather events
households
Allen IV, James
Yu, Hang
Livelihoods and recovery after Cyclone Idai: Short- and long-run household evidence from Mozambique
title Livelihoods and recovery after Cyclone Idai: Short- and long-run household evidence from Mozambique
title_full Livelihoods and recovery after Cyclone Idai: Short- and long-run household evidence from Mozambique
title_fullStr Livelihoods and recovery after Cyclone Idai: Short- and long-run household evidence from Mozambique
title_full_unstemmed Livelihoods and recovery after Cyclone Idai: Short- and long-run household evidence from Mozambique
title_short Livelihoods and recovery after Cyclone Idai: Short- and long-run household evidence from Mozambique
title_sort livelihoods and recovery after cyclone idai short and long run household evidence from mozambique
topic livelihoods
cyclones
extreme weather events
households
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/178950
work_keys_str_mv AT allenivjames livelihoodsandrecoveryaftercycloneidaishortandlongrunhouseholdevidencefrommozambique
AT yuhang livelihoodsandrecoveryaftercycloneidaishortandlongrunhouseholdevidencefrommozambique