The epidemiology and spatial distribution of Taenia solium taeniosis and cysticercosis in Kenya: The case of Busia County

Background: <i>Taenia solium</i> is responsible for a substantial global disease burden in pig-raising and pork-consuming regions of the developing world. The study assessed the reported spatial pattern of <i>Taenia solium</i> taeniosis and cysticercosis (TSTC) in Kenya, with the focus on risk mappi...

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Autores principales: Zemedhun, Y.G., Egulae, T., Wubie, N.K., Akoko, James M., Fèvre, Eric M., Cook, Elizabeth A.J.
Formato: Journal Article
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2025
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/178607
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author Zemedhun, Y.G.
Egulae, T.
Wubie, N.K.
Akoko, James M.
Fèvre, Eric M.
Cook, Elizabeth A.J.
author_browse Akoko, James M.
Cook, Elizabeth A.J.
Egulae, T.
Fèvre, Eric M.
Wubie, N.K.
Zemedhun, Y.G.
author_facet Zemedhun, Y.G.
Egulae, T.
Wubie, N.K.
Akoko, James M.
Fèvre, Eric M.
Cook, Elizabeth A.J.
author_sort Zemedhun, Y.G.
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description Background: <i>Taenia solium</i> is responsible for a substantial global disease burden in pig-raising and pork-consuming regions of the developing world. The study assessed the reported spatial pattern of <i>Taenia solium</i> taeniosis and cysticercosis (TSTC) in Kenya, with the focus on risk mapping of TSTC in Busia County. Methodology: The study employed a mixed approach, incorporating routinely collected data and open-source resources. A literature review and collection of pig population data were used to map the TSTC and pig population distribution at the national level. In Busia County, the retrospective study retrieved reports on porcine cysticercosis and epilepsy (as a proxy indicator of neurocysticercosis) from hospitals and meat inspection records. The cross-sectional study assessed risk behaviors associated with TSTC in Busia County. The TSTC reports and proportions of porcine cysticercosis and epilepsy (as a proxy indicator of neurocysticercosis) were aggregated at the county and sub-county levels and visualized using QGIS. In addition, the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) <i>T. solium</i> mapping tool was employed for risk mapping <i>T. solium</i> in Busia County. Results: The pig population data showed a linear growth trend, with a higher population reported in Central and Western Kenya. A systematic search of the literature yielded a total of fourteen research reports, with the reported cases ranging from 1.8% to 49.9% for porcine cysticercosis, 1.6% to 31.1% for human cysticercosis, and 0.18% to 19.9% for <i>T. solium</i> taeniosis, respectively. The retrospective data showed cases of porcine cysticercosis and epilepsy (as a proxy indicator of neurocysticercosis) in all sub-counties of Busia. The WHO risk mapping tool categorized Bunyala, Teso South, Nambale, and Butula sub-counties as high-risk areas. The questionnaire survey highlighted semi-confinement as the predominant pig husbandry practice (61.1%), with 32% of pigs having access to sewage, and there was poor community awareness about TSTC in Busia County. Conclusion: The study indicated the presence of TSTC transmission in Western Kenya and identified Busia County as a high-risk area based on multiple layers of evidence. This mixed approach utilized readily available data to generate new evidence that could support sustainable One Health strategies for interrupting the <i>T. solium</i> transmission cycle.
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spelling CGSpace1786072025-12-08T13:08:38Z The epidemiology and spatial distribution of Taenia solium taeniosis and cysticercosis in Kenya: The case of Busia County Zemedhun, Y.G. Egulae, T. Wubie, N.K. Akoko, James M. Fèvre, Eric M. Cook, Elizabeth A.J. epidemiology swine taeniasis zoonoses Background: <i>Taenia solium</i> is responsible for a substantial global disease burden in pig-raising and pork-consuming regions of the developing world. The study assessed the reported spatial pattern of <i>Taenia solium</i> taeniosis and cysticercosis (TSTC) in Kenya, with the focus on risk mapping of TSTC in Busia County. Methodology: The study employed a mixed approach, incorporating routinely collected data and open-source resources. A literature review and collection of pig population data were used to map the TSTC and pig population distribution at the national level. In Busia County, the retrospective study retrieved reports on porcine cysticercosis and epilepsy (as a proxy indicator of neurocysticercosis) from hospitals and meat inspection records. The cross-sectional study assessed risk behaviors associated with TSTC in Busia County. The TSTC reports and proportions of porcine cysticercosis and epilepsy (as a proxy indicator of neurocysticercosis) were aggregated at the county and sub-county levels and visualized using QGIS. In addition, the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) <i>T. solium</i> mapping tool was employed for risk mapping <i>T. solium</i> in Busia County. Results: The pig population data showed a linear growth trend, with a higher population reported in Central and Western Kenya. A systematic search of the literature yielded a total of fourteen research reports, with the reported cases ranging from 1.8% to 49.9% for porcine cysticercosis, 1.6% to 31.1% for human cysticercosis, and 0.18% to 19.9% for <i>T. solium</i> taeniosis, respectively. The retrospective data showed cases of porcine cysticercosis and epilepsy (as a proxy indicator of neurocysticercosis) in all sub-counties of Busia. The WHO risk mapping tool categorized Bunyala, Teso South, Nambale, and Butula sub-counties as high-risk areas. The questionnaire survey highlighted semi-confinement as the predominant pig husbandry practice (61.1%), with 32% of pigs having access to sewage, and there was poor community awareness about TSTC in Busia County. Conclusion: The study indicated the presence of TSTC transmission in Western Kenya and identified Busia County as a high-risk area based on multiple layers of evidence. This mixed approach utilized readily available data to generate new evidence that could support sustainable One Health strategies for interrupting the <i>T. solium</i> transmission cycle. 2025-12-05 2025-12-08T11:28:07Z 2025-12-08T11:28:07Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/178607 en Open Access Public Library of Science Zemedhun, Y.G., Egulae, T., Wubie, N.K., Akoko, J.M., Fèvre, E.M. and Cook, E.A.J. 2025. The epidemiology and spatial distribution of <i>Taenia solium</i> taeniosis and cysticercosis in Kenya: The case of Busia County. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 19 (12): e0013746.
spellingShingle epidemiology
swine
taeniasis
zoonoses
Zemedhun, Y.G.
Egulae, T.
Wubie, N.K.
Akoko, James M.
Fèvre, Eric M.
Cook, Elizabeth A.J.
The epidemiology and spatial distribution of Taenia solium taeniosis and cysticercosis in Kenya: The case of Busia County
title The epidemiology and spatial distribution of Taenia solium taeniosis and cysticercosis in Kenya: The case of Busia County
title_full The epidemiology and spatial distribution of Taenia solium taeniosis and cysticercosis in Kenya: The case of Busia County
title_fullStr The epidemiology and spatial distribution of Taenia solium taeniosis and cysticercosis in Kenya: The case of Busia County
title_full_unstemmed The epidemiology and spatial distribution of Taenia solium taeniosis and cysticercosis in Kenya: The case of Busia County
title_short The epidemiology and spatial distribution of Taenia solium taeniosis and cysticercosis in Kenya: The case of Busia County
title_sort epidemiology and spatial distribution of taenia solium taeniosis and cysticercosis in kenya the case of busia county
topic epidemiology
swine
taeniasis
zoonoses
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/178607
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