Effect of azithromycin on post-discharge growth in Kenyan children

Introduction: Children discharged following hospitalisation for acute illnesses in low- and middle-income settings are at increased risk of poor growth, particularly linear growth faltering. We aimed to determine the effect of azithromycin administered at hospital discharge on post-discharge growth....

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Main Authors: Atlas, Hannah E, Mogeni, Polycarp, Shawon, Riffat Ara, Tickell, Kirkby D, Bunyige, Lucy, Monchari, Irene, Oongo, Susan, Diakhate, Mame M, Brander, Rebecca L., Liru, Meshack, Bogonko, George, Nduati, Ruth, Richardson, Barbra A, John-Stewart, Grace, Walson, Judd L, Singa, Benson O, Pavlinac, Patricia B, McGrath, Christine J
Format: Journal Article
Language:Inglés
Published: BMJ 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/178565
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author Atlas, Hannah E
Mogeni, Polycarp
Shawon, Riffat Ara
Tickell, Kirkby D
Bunyige, Lucy
Monchari, Irene
Oongo, Susan
Diakhate, Mame M
Brander, Rebecca L.
Liru, Meshack
Bogonko, George
Nduati, Ruth
Richardson, Barbra A
John-Stewart, Grace
Walson, Judd L
Singa, Benson O
Pavlinac, Patricia B
McGrath, Christine J
author_browse Atlas, Hannah E
Bogonko, George
Brander, Rebecca L.
Bunyige, Lucy
Diakhate, Mame M
John-Stewart, Grace
Liru, Meshack
McGrath, Christine J
Mogeni, Polycarp
Monchari, Irene
Nduati, Ruth
Oongo, Susan
Pavlinac, Patricia B
Richardson, Barbra A
Shawon, Riffat Ara
Singa, Benson O
Tickell, Kirkby D
Walson, Judd L
author_facet Atlas, Hannah E
Mogeni, Polycarp
Shawon, Riffat Ara
Tickell, Kirkby D
Bunyige, Lucy
Monchari, Irene
Oongo, Susan
Diakhate, Mame M
Brander, Rebecca L.
Liru, Meshack
Bogonko, George
Nduati, Ruth
Richardson, Barbra A
John-Stewart, Grace
Walson, Judd L
Singa, Benson O
Pavlinac, Patricia B
McGrath, Christine J
author_sort Atlas, Hannah E
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description Introduction: Children discharged following hospitalisation for acute illnesses in low- and middle-income settings are at increased risk of poor growth, particularly linear growth faltering. We aimed to determine the effect of azithromycin administered at hospital discharge on post-discharge growth. Methods: Using data from the Toto Bora Trial (NCT02414399), a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised trial of a 5-day course of azithromycin in Kenyan children aged 1–59 months, we assessed differences in mean monthly change in growth (height-for-age z-score (HAZ), weight-for-height z-score (WHZ), weight-for-age z-score (WAZ)) in the 6 months following hospital discharge. Results: This analysis included 1276 children who survived to 6 months post-discharge (640 randomised to azithromycin and 636 to placebo). At discharge, 285 (22%) of children were stunted, 64 (5%) were wasted and 156 (12%) were underweight. There was no difference in 6-month post-discharge growth (mean difference: HAZ, 0.010 (95% CI −0.005 to 0.025); WAZ, 0.003 (95% CI −0.013 to 0.019); WHZ, −0.003 (95% CI −0.025, 0.019)) between treatment groups. Further, no differences in mean monthly change in HAZ, WAZ or WHZ were observed between randomisation groups when stratified by age, nutritional status at discharge or discharge diagnosis. Mean monthly change in HAZ declined among all children in the 6 months post-discharge, irrespective of the treatment group (azithromycin group: −0.038 (95% CI −0.049 to –0.028); placebo group: −0.048 (95% CI −0.059 to –0.038). Mean monthly change in WAZ did not differ significantly by treatment group (0.025 (95% CI 0.013 to 0.037) in the azithromycin group and 0.022 (95% CI 0.011 to 0.033) in placebo (p=0.688)). Monthly WAZ and WHZ gains were similar in both groups, with greater weight gains among older children (6–11, 12–23, 24–59 months). Conclusion: We did not observe statistically significant improvements in post-discharge growth among children receiving azithromycin at hospital discharge.
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spelling CGSpace1785652025-12-16T14:16:22Z Effect of azithromycin on post-discharge growth in Kenyan children Atlas, Hannah E Mogeni, Polycarp Shawon, Riffat Ara Tickell, Kirkby D Bunyige, Lucy Monchari, Irene Oongo, Susan Diakhate, Mame M Brander, Rebecca L. Liru, Meshack Bogonko, George Nduati, Ruth Richardson, Barbra A John-Stewart, Grace Walson, Judd L Singa, Benson O Pavlinac, Patricia B McGrath, Christine J antibiotics children child growth health hospitals Introduction: Children discharged following hospitalisation for acute illnesses in low- and middle-income settings are at increased risk of poor growth, particularly linear growth faltering. We aimed to determine the effect of azithromycin administered at hospital discharge on post-discharge growth. Methods: Using data from the Toto Bora Trial (NCT02414399), a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised trial of a 5-day course of azithromycin in Kenyan children aged 1–59 months, we assessed differences in mean monthly change in growth (height-for-age z-score (HAZ), weight-for-height z-score (WHZ), weight-for-age z-score (WAZ)) in the 6 months following hospital discharge. Results: This analysis included 1276 children who survived to 6 months post-discharge (640 randomised to azithromycin and 636 to placebo). At discharge, 285 (22%) of children were stunted, 64 (5%) were wasted and 156 (12%) were underweight. There was no difference in 6-month post-discharge growth (mean difference: HAZ, 0.010 (95% CI −0.005 to 0.025); WAZ, 0.003 (95% CI −0.013 to 0.019); WHZ, −0.003 (95% CI −0.025, 0.019)) between treatment groups. Further, no differences in mean monthly change in HAZ, WAZ or WHZ were observed between randomisation groups when stratified by age, nutritional status at discharge or discharge diagnosis. Mean monthly change in HAZ declined among all children in the 6 months post-discharge, irrespective of the treatment group (azithromycin group: −0.038 (95% CI −0.049 to –0.028); placebo group: −0.048 (95% CI −0.059 to –0.038). Mean monthly change in WAZ did not differ significantly by treatment group (0.025 (95% CI 0.013 to 0.037) in the azithromycin group and 0.022 (95% CI 0.011 to 0.033) in placebo (p=0.688)). Monthly WAZ and WHZ gains were similar in both groups, with greater weight gains among older children (6–11, 12–23, 24–59 months). Conclusion: We did not observe statistically significant improvements in post-discharge growth among children receiving azithromycin at hospital discharge. 2025-11 2025-12-04T21:02:40Z 2025-12-04T21:02:40Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/178565 en https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.23-0050 https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(21)00347-8 Open Access BMJ Atlas, Hannah E.; Mogeni, Polycarp; Shawon, Riffat Ara; Tickell, Kirkby D.; Bunyige, Lucy; et al. 2025. Effect of azithromycin on post-discharge growth in Kenyan children. BMJ Global Health 10(11): e020294. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2025-020294
spellingShingle antibiotics
children
child growth
health
hospitals
Atlas, Hannah E
Mogeni, Polycarp
Shawon, Riffat Ara
Tickell, Kirkby D
Bunyige, Lucy
Monchari, Irene
Oongo, Susan
Diakhate, Mame M
Brander, Rebecca L.
Liru, Meshack
Bogonko, George
Nduati, Ruth
Richardson, Barbra A
John-Stewart, Grace
Walson, Judd L
Singa, Benson O
Pavlinac, Patricia B
McGrath, Christine J
Effect of azithromycin on post-discharge growth in Kenyan children
title Effect of azithromycin on post-discharge growth in Kenyan children
title_full Effect of azithromycin on post-discharge growth in Kenyan children
title_fullStr Effect of azithromycin on post-discharge growth in Kenyan children
title_full_unstemmed Effect of azithromycin on post-discharge growth in Kenyan children
title_short Effect of azithromycin on post-discharge growth in Kenyan children
title_sort effect of azithromycin on post discharge growth in kenyan children
topic antibiotics
children
child growth
health
hospitals
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/178565
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