Bangladesh’s groundwater trade-offs from decarbonizing irrigation through solar-powered pumps

Solar-powered irrigation systems are being scaled globally, especially in South Asia, to mitigate agriculture’s carbon emissions while addressing water–energy–food nexus challenges. However, this expansion raises concerns that solar irrigation could exacerbate groundwater overexploitation. Here we a...

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Autores principales: Alam, Mohammad Faiz, Mitra, Archisman, Mahapatra, Smaranika, Pavelic, Paul, Buisson, Marie-Charlotte, Habib, A., Saha, T. K., Haque, A., Sikka, Alok
Formato: Journal Article
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: Springer 2025
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/177978
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author Alam, Mohammad Faiz
Mitra, Archisman
Mahapatra, Smaranika
Pavelic, Paul
Buisson, Marie-Charlotte
Habib, A.
Saha, T. K.
Haque, A.
Sikka, Alok
author_browse Alam, Mohammad Faiz
Buisson, Marie-Charlotte
Habib, A.
Haque, A.
Mahapatra, Smaranika
Mitra, Archisman
Pavelic, Paul
Saha, T. K.
Sikka, Alok
author_facet Alam, Mohammad Faiz
Mitra, Archisman
Mahapatra, Smaranika
Pavelic, Paul
Buisson, Marie-Charlotte
Habib, A.
Saha, T. K.
Haque, A.
Sikka, Alok
author_sort Alam, Mohammad Faiz
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description Solar-powered irrigation systems are being scaled globally, especially in South Asia, to mitigate agriculture’s carbon emissions while addressing water–energy–food nexus challenges. However, this expansion raises concerns that solar irrigation could exacerbate groundwater overexploitation. Here we assess groundwater trade-offs of solar irrigation deployment in Bangladesh by comparing farmers’ water use for dry season paddy cultivation under diesel pumps and a solarized fee-for-service model. After accounting for soil, variety, land type and sowing time, no significant difference in terms of water application was found between solar (694–1,014 mm) and diesel (663–775 mm) plots in 2021–22 and 2022–23. A marginal 4.2 percentage point increase in dry season paddy area was observed under solar irrigation. Groundwater modelling shows solar irrigation has minimal regional impact, though risks arise if water use and dry-season area increase significantly. These results provide empirical evidence of changes in farmers’ water use after the transition to solar irrigation, but they are highly context-specific. Further research and tailored policies—such as water-saving practices, volumetric pricing, targeted scaling and smart subsidies—will ensure sustainable solar irrigation upscaling.
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publishDate 2025
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spelling CGSpace1779782025-12-08T09:54:28Z Bangladesh’s groundwater trade-offs from decarbonizing irrigation through solar-powered pumps Alam, Mohammad Faiz Mitra, Archisman Mahapatra, Smaranika Pavelic, Paul Buisson, Marie-Charlotte Habib, A. Saha, T. K. Haque, A. Sikka, Alok groundwater irrigation water solar powered irrigation systems pumps farmers water use Solar-powered irrigation systems are being scaled globally, especially in South Asia, to mitigate agriculture’s carbon emissions while addressing water–energy–food nexus challenges. However, this expansion raises concerns that solar irrigation could exacerbate groundwater overexploitation. Here we assess groundwater trade-offs of solar irrigation deployment in Bangladesh by comparing farmers’ water use for dry season paddy cultivation under diesel pumps and a solarized fee-for-service model. After accounting for soil, variety, land type and sowing time, no significant difference in terms of water application was found between solar (694–1,014 mm) and diesel (663–775 mm) plots in 2021–22 and 2022–23. A marginal 4.2 percentage point increase in dry season paddy area was observed under solar irrigation. Groundwater modelling shows solar irrigation has minimal regional impact, though risks arise if water use and dry-season area increase significantly. These results provide empirical evidence of changes in farmers’ water use after the transition to solar irrigation, but they are highly context-specific. Further research and tailored policies—such as water-saving practices, volumetric pricing, targeted scaling and smart subsidies—will ensure sustainable solar irrigation upscaling. 2025-11 2025-11-18T05:20:53Z 2025-11-18T05:20:53Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/177978 en Limited Access Springer Alam, M. F.; Mitra, A.; Mahapatra, S.; Pavelic, P.; Buisson, M.-C.; Habib, A.; Saha, T. K.; Haque, A.; Sikka, A. 2025. Bangladesh’s groundwater trade-offs from decarbonizing irrigation through solar-powered pumps. Nature Water, 13p. (Online first). doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s44221-025-00534-4
spellingShingle groundwater
irrigation water
solar powered irrigation systems
pumps
farmers
water use
Alam, Mohammad Faiz
Mitra, Archisman
Mahapatra, Smaranika
Pavelic, Paul
Buisson, Marie-Charlotte
Habib, A.
Saha, T. K.
Haque, A.
Sikka, Alok
Bangladesh’s groundwater trade-offs from decarbonizing irrigation through solar-powered pumps
title Bangladesh’s groundwater trade-offs from decarbonizing irrigation through solar-powered pumps
title_full Bangladesh’s groundwater trade-offs from decarbonizing irrigation through solar-powered pumps
title_fullStr Bangladesh’s groundwater trade-offs from decarbonizing irrigation through solar-powered pumps
title_full_unstemmed Bangladesh’s groundwater trade-offs from decarbonizing irrigation through solar-powered pumps
title_short Bangladesh’s groundwater trade-offs from decarbonizing irrigation through solar-powered pumps
title_sort bangladesh s groundwater trade offs from decarbonizing irrigation through solar powered pumps
topic groundwater
irrigation water
solar powered irrigation systems
pumps
farmers
water use
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/177978
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