| Sumario: | Key messages
- Bundled CIS+CSA converts forecasts into timely, actionable advisories, inputs, and services—reducing climate risk, improving decisions, and raising productivity and incomes for diverse Ethiopian smallholders nationwide.
- Lersha–CIMMYT model delivers biweekly voice/SMS advisories; links mechanization, inputs, credit, insurance, and markets; leverages agents, cooperatives, and meteorological services to reach women, youth, and non-literate farmers.
- Responsible scaling: strengthen forecasts and localization; integrate with extension, finance, policy; diversify revenues; embed inclusion safeguards—building resilient, sustainable CSA/CIS ecosystems nationwide.
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