Buyers' response to third-party quality certification: Theory and evidence from Ethiopian wheat traders

When quality attributes of a product are not directly observable, third-party certification (TPC) enables buyers to distinguish between quality levels and reward sellers accordingly. We study the adoption of TPC by traders in smallholder-based agricultural value chains in low-income countries, where...

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Main Authors: Abate, Gashaw T., Bernard, Tanguy, Bulte, Erwin, Miguel, Jérémy Do Nascimento, Sadoulet, Elisabeth
Format: Journal Article
Language:Inglés
Published: Wiley 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/177256
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author Abate, Gashaw T.
Bernard, Tanguy
Bulte, Erwin
Miguel, Jérémy Do Nascimento
Sadoulet, Elisabeth
author_browse Abate, Gashaw T.
Bernard, Tanguy
Bulte, Erwin
Miguel, Jérémy Do Nascimento
Sadoulet, Elisabeth
author_facet Abate, Gashaw T.
Bernard, Tanguy
Bulte, Erwin
Miguel, Jérémy Do Nascimento
Sadoulet, Elisabeth
author_sort Abate, Gashaw T.
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description When quality attributes of a product are not directly observable, third-party certification (TPC) enables buyers to distinguish between quality levels and reward sellers accordingly. We study the adoption of TPC by traders in smallholder-based agricultural value chains in low-income countries, where traders aggregate products from many small-scale producers before selling in bulk to downstream processors. In this context, the introduction of TPC services has oftentimes failed. We develop a theoretical model identifying how different market conditions affect traders' choice to purchase certified output from farmers. Next, using a novel lab-in-the-field experiment with Ethiopian wheat traders, we examine the model's predictions. Traders’ willingness to specialize in certified output increases with the share of certified wheat in the market, and this effect is stronger in larger markets. However, we find that traders do not optimally respond to variation in the quality of uncertified wheat in the market. We also analyze conditions where traders deviate from optimal behavior and discuss implications for research and policy making to promote TPC in smallholder-based value-chains. JEL Codes: Q13; D22; O13; C93
format Journal Article
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institution CGIAR Consortium
language Inglés
publishDate 2026
publishDateRange 2026
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spelling CGSpace1772562026-01-02T15:32:42Z Buyers' response to third-party quality certification: Theory and evidence from Ethiopian wheat traders Abate, Gashaw T. Bernard, Tanguy Bulte, Erwin Miguel, Jérémy Do Nascimento Sadoulet, Elisabeth agricultural value chains certification markets smallholders wheat When quality attributes of a product are not directly observable, third-party certification (TPC) enables buyers to distinguish between quality levels and reward sellers accordingly. We study the adoption of TPC by traders in smallholder-based agricultural value chains in low-income countries, where traders aggregate products from many small-scale producers before selling in bulk to downstream processors. In this context, the introduction of TPC services has oftentimes failed. We develop a theoretical model identifying how different market conditions affect traders' choice to purchase certified output from farmers. Next, using a novel lab-in-the-field experiment with Ethiopian wheat traders, we examine the model's predictions. Traders’ willingness to specialize in certified output increases with the share of certified wheat in the market, and this effect is stronger in larger markets. However, we find that traders do not optimally respond to variation in the quality of uncertified wheat in the market. We also analyze conditions where traders deviate from optimal behavior and discuss implications for research and policy making to promote TPC in smallholder-based value-chains. JEL Codes: Q13; D22; O13; C93 2026 2025-10-21T19:54:40Z 2025-10-21T19:54:40Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/177256 en Open Access Wiley Abate, Gashaw T.; Bernard, Tanguy; Bulte, Erwin; Miguel, Jérémy Do Nascimento; and Sadoulet, Elisabeth. Buyers' response to third-party quality certification: Theory and evidence from Ethiopian wheat traders. American Journal of Agricultural Economics. Article in press. First published online October 16, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajae.70015
spellingShingle agricultural value chains
certification
markets
smallholders
wheat
Abate, Gashaw T.
Bernard, Tanguy
Bulte, Erwin
Miguel, Jérémy Do Nascimento
Sadoulet, Elisabeth
Buyers' response to third-party quality certification: Theory and evidence from Ethiopian wheat traders
title Buyers' response to third-party quality certification: Theory and evidence from Ethiopian wheat traders
title_full Buyers' response to third-party quality certification: Theory and evidence from Ethiopian wheat traders
title_fullStr Buyers' response to third-party quality certification: Theory and evidence from Ethiopian wheat traders
title_full_unstemmed Buyers' response to third-party quality certification: Theory and evidence from Ethiopian wheat traders
title_short Buyers' response to third-party quality certification: Theory and evidence from Ethiopian wheat traders
title_sort buyers response to third party quality certification theory and evidence from ethiopian wheat traders
topic agricultural value chains
certification
markets
smallholders
wheat
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/177256
work_keys_str_mv AT abategashawt buyersresponsetothirdpartyqualitycertificationtheoryandevidencefromethiopianwheattraders
AT bernardtanguy buyersresponsetothirdpartyqualitycertificationtheoryandevidencefromethiopianwheattraders
AT bulteerwin buyersresponsetothirdpartyqualitycertificationtheoryandevidencefromethiopianwheattraders
AT migueljeremydonascimento buyersresponsetothirdpartyqualitycertificationtheoryandevidencefromethiopianwheattraders
AT sadouletelisabeth buyersresponsetothirdpartyqualitycertificationtheoryandevidencefromethiopianwheattraders