Anthelmintic resistance in livestock in Africa: review of the current status

Background: Livestock across the globe are frequently infected with multiple gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) species, and the use of anthelmintics remains a cornerstone of their control. However, anthelmintic resistance (AHR) poses a growing threat to sustainable livestock production, resulting in r...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Gatitu, Lucy, Kasudi, Mitchelle R., Githigia, S., Moodley, Arshnee, Muloi, Dishon M.
Formato: Journal Article
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: BioMed Central 2025
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/177212
_version_ 1855531468290260992
author Gatitu, Lucy
Kasudi, Mitchelle R.
Githigia, S.
Moodley, Arshnee
Muloi, Dishon M.
author_browse Gatitu, Lucy
Githigia, S.
Kasudi, Mitchelle R.
Moodley, Arshnee
Muloi, Dishon M.
author_facet Gatitu, Lucy
Kasudi, Mitchelle R.
Githigia, S.
Moodley, Arshnee
Muloi, Dishon M.
author_sort Gatitu, Lucy
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description Background: Livestock across the globe are frequently infected with multiple gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) species, and the use of anthelmintics remains a cornerstone of their control. However, anthelmintic resistance (AHR) poses a growing threat to sustainable livestock production, resulting in reduced productivity and compromised animal health and welfare. Reports of resistance in various helminth species against multiple anthelmintic classes exist in African livestock; however, studies summarising the extent and burden of this resistance are limited, and systematic monitoring or surveillance efforts are largely absent across the continent. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive scoping review to evaluate the current status of AHR in African livestock. Results: Our systematic search yielded 357 original studies, 28 met the eligibility criteria, covering nine countries and spanning from 1996 to 2024. All studies involved cattle and/or small ruminants, focusing primarily on two anthelmintic classes—benzimidazoles and macrocyclic lactones—and two gastrointestinal nematode genera: <i>Haemonchus</i> and <i>Trichostrongylus</i>. Resistance was reported across most of the studies, although reported prevalence rates were highly heterogeneous, varying considerably with anthelmintic class, livestock species, and geographic location. We observed variability in study methodologies, including differences in faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) design, sampling intervals, dosage regimens, and reporting quality, which potentially limits comparability across countries and restricts epidemiological insight. Conclusions: These findings highlight the urgent need to more accurately quantify the burden of AHR and to establish coordinated surveillance systems across Africa. Equally important is the development of sustainable parasite control strategies and the promotion of responsible anthelmintic use to preserve the efficacy of existing drugs.
format Journal Article
id CGSpace177212
institution CGIAR Consortium
language Inglés
publishDate 2025
publishDateRange 2025
publishDateSort 2025
publisher BioMed Central
publisherStr BioMed Central
record_format dspace
spelling CGSpace1772122025-11-12T04:28:51Z Anthelmintic resistance in livestock in Africa: review of the current status Gatitu, Lucy Kasudi, Mitchelle R. Githigia, S. Moodley, Arshnee Muloi, Dishon M. disease control drugs livestock Background: Livestock across the globe are frequently infected with multiple gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) species, and the use of anthelmintics remains a cornerstone of their control. However, anthelmintic resistance (AHR) poses a growing threat to sustainable livestock production, resulting in reduced productivity and compromised animal health and welfare. Reports of resistance in various helminth species against multiple anthelmintic classes exist in African livestock; however, studies summarising the extent and burden of this resistance are limited, and systematic monitoring or surveillance efforts are largely absent across the continent. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive scoping review to evaluate the current status of AHR in African livestock. Results: Our systematic search yielded 357 original studies, 28 met the eligibility criteria, covering nine countries and spanning from 1996 to 2024. All studies involved cattle and/or small ruminants, focusing primarily on two anthelmintic classes—benzimidazoles and macrocyclic lactones—and two gastrointestinal nematode genera: <i>Haemonchus</i> and <i>Trichostrongylus</i>. Resistance was reported across most of the studies, although reported prevalence rates were highly heterogeneous, varying considerably with anthelmintic class, livestock species, and geographic location. We observed variability in study methodologies, including differences in faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) design, sampling intervals, dosage regimens, and reporting quality, which potentially limits comparability across countries and restricts epidemiological insight. Conclusions: These findings highlight the urgent need to more accurately quantify the burden of AHR and to establish coordinated surveillance systems across Africa. Equally important is the development of sustainable parasite control strategies and the promotion of responsible anthelmintic use to preserve the efficacy of existing drugs. 2025-10-17 2025-10-20T04:50:32Z 2025-10-20T04:50:32Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/177212 en Open Access application/pdf BioMed Central Gatitu, L., Kasudi, M.R., Githigia, S., Moodley, A. and Muloi, D. 2025. Anthelmintic resistance in livestock in Africa: review of the current status. BMC Veterinary Research 21: 615.
spellingShingle disease control
drugs
livestock
Gatitu, Lucy
Kasudi, Mitchelle R.
Githigia, S.
Moodley, Arshnee
Muloi, Dishon M.
Anthelmintic resistance in livestock in Africa: review of the current status
title Anthelmintic resistance in livestock in Africa: review of the current status
title_full Anthelmintic resistance in livestock in Africa: review of the current status
title_fullStr Anthelmintic resistance in livestock in Africa: review of the current status
title_full_unstemmed Anthelmintic resistance in livestock in Africa: review of the current status
title_short Anthelmintic resistance in livestock in Africa: review of the current status
title_sort anthelmintic resistance in livestock in africa review of the current status
topic disease control
drugs
livestock
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/177212
work_keys_str_mv AT gatitulucy anthelminticresistanceinlivestockinafricareviewofthecurrentstatus
AT kasudimitcheller anthelminticresistanceinlivestockinafricareviewofthecurrentstatus
AT githigias anthelminticresistanceinlivestockinafricareviewofthecurrentstatus
AT moodleyarshnee anthelminticresistanceinlivestockinafricareviewofthecurrentstatus
AT muloidishonm anthelminticresistanceinlivestockinafricareviewofthecurrentstatus