Rural income diversification in Ethiopia: Drivers and welfare impact

Diversification of rural households into the nonfarm economy is a key driver of economic growth and structural transformation in countries where agriculture remains the primary source of livelihood. This study examines trends and patterns of income diversification, its determinants, and its associat...

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Autores principales: Abate, Gashaw T., Bachewe, Fantu Nisrane, Regassa, Mekdim D., Minot, Nicholas
Formato: Journal Article
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: Elsevier 2025
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/177081
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author Abate, Gashaw T.
Bachewe, Fantu Nisrane
Regassa, Mekdim D.
Minot, Nicholas
author_browse Abate, Gashaw T.
Bachewe, Fantu Nisrane
Minot, Nicholas
Regassa, Mekdim D.
author_facet Abate, Gashaw T.
Bachewe, Fantu Nisrane
Regassa, Mekdim D.
Minot, Nicholas
author_sort Abate, Gashaw T.
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description Diversification of rural households into the nonfarm economy is a key driver of economic growth and structural transformation in countries where agriculture remains the primary source of livelihood. This study examines trends and patterns of income diversification, its determinants, and its association with household welfare in rural Ethiopia. Our analysis indicates that rural households in Ethiopia continued to rely primarily on farming, with only marginal diversification of income sources during 2012–2019, despite the broader context of rapid economic growth. Crop production remains the main source of income, followed by livestock, while nonfarm activities contribute 17–24% of total household income. Factor endowments and local conditions, including rainfall, play a crucial role in shaping diversification decisions. In particular, the 2015–16 drought appears to have pushed households to increase engagement in nonfarm income-generating activities. Importantly, income diversification is associated with higher household consumption, improved dietary diversity, and better housing quality, highlighting the potential of expanding the rural nonfarm economy to enhance household welfare.
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spelling CGSpace1770812025-12-08T09:54:28Z Rural income diversification in Ethiopia: Drivers and welfare impact Abate, Gashaw T. Bachewe, Fantu Nisrane Regassa, Mekdim D. Minot, Nicholas rural areas income income distribution farm income household income nonfarm income welfare Diversification of rural households into the nonfarm economy is a key driver of economic growth and structural transformation in countries where agriculture remains the primary source of livelihood. This study examines trends and patterns of income diversification, its determinants, and its association with household welfare in rural Ethiopia. Our analysis indicates that rural households in Ethiopia continued to rely primarily on farming, with only marginal diversification of income sources during 2012–2019, despite the broader context of rapid economic growth. Crop production remains the main source of income, followed by livestock, while nonfarm activities contribute 17–24% of total household income. Factor endowments and local conditions, including rainfall, play a crucial role in shaping diversification decisions. In particular, the 2015–16 drought appears to have pushed households to increase engagement in nonfarm income-generating activities. Importantly, income diversification is associated with higher household consumption, improved dietary diversity, and better housing quality, highlighting the potential of expanding the rural nonfarm economy to enhance household welfare. 2025-10 2025-10-14T17:44:51Z 2025-10-14T17:44:51Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/177081 en https://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.136494 https://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.136460 Open Access Elsevier Abate, Gashaw T.; Bachewe, Fantu Nisrane; Regassa, Mekdim D.; and Minot, Nicholas. 2025. Rural income diversification in Ethiopia: Drivers and welfare impact. Food Policy 136(October 2025): 102978. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2025.102978
spellingShingle rural areas
income
income distribution
farm income
household income
nonfarm income
welfare
Abate, Gashaw T.
Bachewe, Fantu Nisrane
Regassa, Mekdim D.
Minot, Nicholas
Rural income diversification in Ethiopia: Drivers and welfare impact
title Rural income diversification in Ethiopia: Drivers and welfare impact
title_full Rural income diversification in Ethiopia: Drivers and welfare impact
title_fullStr Rural income diversification in Ethiopia: Drivers and welfare impact
title_full_unstemmed Rural income diversification in Ethiopia: Drivers and welfare impact
title_short Rural income diversification in Ethiopia: Drivers and welfare impact
title_sort rural income diversification in ethiopia drivers and welfare impact
topic rural areas
income
income distribution
farm income
household income
nonfarm income
welfare
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/177081
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AT minotnicholas ruralincomediversificationinethiopiadriversandwelfareimpact