Real and simulated shocks to the food system: A nested food-economic system model for assessing resilience using a networked input–output approach

Introduction: This study provides a novel, system-wide framework that integrates food and economic systems using networked input–output. Methods: We demonstrate this framework in analyzing food system resilience to real and simulated sector-level shocks, yielding insights into how structural vulner...

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Autores principales: Brinkley, Catherine, Ulimwengu, John M., Raj, Subhashni
Formato: Journal Article
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: Frontiers Media 2025
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/176585
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author Brinkley, Catherine
Ulimwengu, John M.
Raj, Subhashni
author_browse Brinkley, Catherine
Raj, Subhashni
Ulimwengu, John M.
author_facet Brinkley, Catherine
Ulimwengu, John M.
Raj, Subhashni
author_sort Brinkley, Catherine
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description Introduction: This study provides a novel, system-wide framework that integrates food and economic systems using networked input–output. Methods: We demonstrate this framework in analyzing food system resilience to real and simulated sector-level shocks, yielding insights into how structural vulnerabilities within the economy can compromise the food system and vice versa. The nested and networked approach of considering the food system as embedded within the overall economic system, enables predictions within and across both systems as they relate to one another. We focus on recovery and resiliency after a shock by evaluating the U.S. food and economic system in 2007 and 2012, a period covering a major financial downturn. Results and Discussion: We find that between 2007 and 2012, the majority (82.2%) of food systems sectors increased in centrality compared to other sectors within the economy, showing how the food system became more integral in the overall economic system during and after the financial crisis. Further, we demonstrate that simulated removal of sectors with the highest centrality in the economic system leads to a decrease in overall network density, clustering, degree, and weighted degree—highlighting vulnerabilities within each economic sector with the potential to propagate system-wide. We draw timely attention to the critical role of scientific research as an important sector within the economy that requires relatively little funding input but amplifies economic outputs across the food system and other economic sectors. We conclude by warning about the bias produced in analyzing food system dynamics outside of overall economic systems and urge future research to consider a nested food-economic model.
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spelling CGSpace1765852025-12-08T10:29:22Z Real and simulated shocks to the food system: A nested food-economic system model for assessing resilience using a networked input–output approach Brinkley, Catherine Ulimwengu, John M. Raj, Subhashni shock food systems models economic situation resilience Introduction: This study provides a novel, system-wide framework that integrates food and economic systems using networked input–output. Methods: We demonstrate this framework in analyzing food system resilience to real and simulated sector-level shocks, yielding insights into how structural vulnerabilities within the economy can compromise the food system and vice versa. The nested and networked approach of considering the food system as embedded within the overall economic system, enables predictions within and across both systems as they relate to one another. We focus on recovery and resiliency after a shock by evaluating the U.S. food and economic system in 2007 and 2012, a period covering a major financial downturn. Results and Discussion: We find that between 2007 and 2012, the majority (82.2%) of food systems sectors increased in centrality compared to other sectors within the economy, showing how the food system became more integral in the overall economic system during and after the financial crisis. Further, we demonstrate that simulated removal of sectors with the highest centrality in the economic system leads to a decrease in overall network density, clustering, degree, and weighted degree—highlighting vulnerabilities within each economic sector with the potential to propagate system-wide. We draw timely attention to the critical role of scientific research as an important sector within the economy that requires relatively little funding input but amplifies economic outputs across the food system and other economic sectors. We conclude by warning about the bias produced in analyzing food system dynamics outside of overall economic systems and urge future research to consider a nested food-economic model. 2025-07 2025-09-19T12:24:04Z 2025-09-19T12:24:04Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/176585 en Open Access Frontiers Media Brinkley, Catherine; Ulimwengu, John; and Raj, Subhashni. 2025. Real and simulated shocks to the food system: A nested food-economic system model for assessing resilience using a networked input–output approach. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 9: 1608981. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2025.1608981
spellingShingle shock
food systems
models
economic situation
resilience
Brinkley, Catherine
Ulimwengu, John M.
Raj, Subhashni
Real and simulated shocks to the food system: A nested food-economic system model for assessing resilience using a networked input–output approach
title Real and simulated shocks to the food system: A nested food-economic system model for assessing resilience using a networked input–output approach
title_full Real and simulated shocks to the food system: A nested food-economic system model for assessing resilience using a networked input–output approach
title_fullStr Real and simulated shocks to the food system: A nested food-economic system model for assessing resilience using a networked input–output approach
title_full_unstemmed Real and simulated shocks to the food system: A nested food-economic system model for assessing resilience using a networked input–output approach
title_short Real and simulated shocks to the food system: A nested food-economic system model for assessing resilience using a networked input–output approach
title_sort real and simulated shocks to the food system a nested food economic system model for assessing resilience using a networked input output approach
topic shock
food systems
models
economic situation
resilience
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/176585
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AT ulimwengujohnm realandsimulatedshockstothefoodsystemanestedfoodeconomicsystemmodelforassessingresilienceusinganetworkedinputoutputapproach
AT rajsubhashni realandsimulatedshockstothefoodsystemanestedfoodeconomicsystemmodelforassessingresilienceusinganetworkedinputoutputapproach