Does solar irrigation threaten groundwater sustainability? Evidence from India and Bangladesh

Groundwater irrigation underpins South Asian agriculture but is increasingly unsustainable. Solar irrigation pumps (SIPs) are promoted to cut carbon emissions and subsidy costs, yet concerns persist about over-extraction. This study, under the SDC-supported SoLAR project, assesses two models: fee-fo...

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Main Authors: Alam, Mohammad Faiz, Varshney, Deepak, Mitra, Archisman, Pavelic, Paul, Mahapatra, Smaranika, Habib, A., Krishnan, S., Sikka, Alok, Ravindranath, Darshini
Format: Brief
Language:Inglés
Published: International Water Management Institute 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/176500
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author Alam, Mohammad Faiz
Varshney, Deepak
Mitra, Archisman
Pavelic, Paul
Mahapatra, Smaranika
Habib, A.
Krishnan, S.
Sikka, Alok
Ravindranath, Darshini
author_browse Alam, Mohammad Faiz
Habib, A.
Krishnan, S.
Mahapatra, Smaranika
Mitra, Archisman
Pavelic, Paul
Ravindranath, Darshini
Sikka, Alok
Varshney, Deepak
author_facet Alam, Mohammad Faiz
Varshney, Deepak
Mitra, Archisman
Pavelic, Paul
Mahapatra, Smaranika
Habib, A.
Krishnan, S.
Sikka, Alok
Ravindranath, Darshini
author_sort Alam, Mohammad Faiz
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description Groundwater irrigation underpins South Asian agriculture but is increasingly unsustainable. Solar irrigation pumps (SIPs) are promoted to cut carbon emissions and subsidy costs, yet concerns persist about over-extraction. This study, under the SDC-supported SoLAR project, assesses two models: fee-for-service SIPs in Bangladesh and grid-connected SIPs in India. Results show no significant rise in groundwater use with solar adoption in these two models. In Bangladesh, operator-managed SIPs kept use in check despite cheaper costs, though some shift toward Boro paddy was noted. In India, grid-connected SIPs with feed-in incentives reduced water use in alluvial aquifers, while hard-rock systems showed little change. The findings highlight that groundwater impacts are context-specific, with well-designed solar models offering low-carbon irrigation without major sustainability risks.
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spelling CGSpace1765002025-11-07T07:57:43Z Does solar irrigation threaten groundwater sustainability? Evidence from India and Bangladesh Alam, Mohammad Faiz Varshney, Deepak Mitra, Archisman Pavelic, Paul Mahapatra, Smaranika Habib, A. Krishnan, S. Sikka, Alok Ravindranath, Darshini solar powered irrigation systems groundwater management sustainability pumps water use Groundwater irrigation underpins South Asian agriculture but is increasingly unsustainable. Solar irrigation pumps (SIPs) are promoted to cut carbon emissions and subsidy costs, yet concerns persist about over-extraction. This study, under the SDC-supported SoLAR project, assesses two models: fee-for-service SIPs in Bangladesh and grid-connected SIPs in India. Results show no significant rise in groundwater use with solar adoption in these two models. In Bangladesh, operator-managed SIPs kept use in check despite cheaper costs, though some shift toward Boro paddy was noted. In India, grid-connected SIPs with feed-in incentives reduced water use in alluvial aquifers, while hard-rock systems showed little change. The findings highlight that groundwater impacts are context-specific, with well-designed solar models offering low-carbon irrigation without major sustainability risks. 2025-09-16 2025-09-16T08:01:08Z 2025-09-16T08:01:08Z Brief https://hdl.handle.net/10568/176500 en Open Access application/pdf International Water Management Institute Alam, M. F.; Varshney, D.; Mitra, A.; Pavelic, P.; Mahapatra, S.; Habib, A.; Krishnan, S.; Sikka, A.; Ravindranath, D. 2025. Does solar irrigation threaten groundwater sustainability? Evidence from India and Bangladesh. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 6p. (Solar Irrigation for Agricultural Resilience [SoLAR] Issue Brief Series 8).
spellingShingle solar powered irrigation systems
groundwater management
sustainability
pumps
water use
Alam, Mohammad Faiz
Varshney, Deepak
Mitra, Archisman
Pavelic, Paul
Mahapatra, Smaranika
Habib, A.
Krishnan, S.
Sikka, Alok
Ravindranath, Darshini
Does solar irrigation threaten groundwater sustainability? Evidence from India and Bangladesh
title Does solar irrigation threaten groundwater sustainability? Evidence from India and Bangladesh
title_full Does solar irrigation threaten groundwater sustainability? Evidence from India and Bangladesh
title_fullStr Does solar irrigation threaten groundwater sustainability? Evidence from India and Bangladesh
title_full_unstemmed Does solar irrigation threaten groundwater sustainability? Evidence from India and Bangladesh
title_short Does solar irrigation threaten groundwater sustainability? Evidence from India and Bangladesh
title_sort does solar irrigation threaten groundwater sustainability evidence from india and bangladesh
topic solar powered irrigation systems
groundwater management
sustainability
pumps
water use
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/176500
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