De novo genome assembly, annotation, and characterization of chemosensory genes in the camel ked (Hippobosca camelina)

Background: <i>Hippobosca camelina</i> (camel ked) is an obligate hematophagous ectoparasite that infests camels. Hematophagy inflicts painful bites leading to myiasis, anemia and pathogen transmission such as <i>Candidatus Anaplasma camelii</i>. A genome assembly for this biting flies is currently...

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Autores principales: Kebaso, F., Diallo, S., Kibet, C., Hashim, S., Makwatta, J.O., Getahun, M., Getange, D., Domelevo Entfellner, Jean-Baka, Masiga, D.
Formato: Journal Article
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: BioMed Central 2025
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/176272
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author Kebaso, F.
Diallo, S.
Kibet, C.
Hashim, S.
Makwatta, J.O.
Getahun, M.
Getange, D.
Domelevo Entfellner, Jean-Baka
Masiga, D.
author_browse Diallo, S.
Domelevo Entfellner, Jean-Baka
Getahun, M.
Getange, D.
Hashim, S.
Kebaso, F.
Kibet, C.
Makwatta, J.O.
Masiga, D.
author_facet Kebaso, F.
Diallo, S.
Kibet, C.
Hashim, S.
Makwatta, J.O.
Getahun, M.
Getange, D.
Domelevo Entfellner, Jean-Baka
Masiga, D.
author_sort Kebaso, F.
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description Background: <i>Hippobosca camelina</i> (camel ked) is an obligate hematophagous ectoparasite that infests camels. Hematophagy inflicts painful bites leading to myiasis, anemia and pathogen transmission such as <i>Candidatus Anaplasma camelii</i>. A genome assembly for this biting flies is currently unavailable, limiting understanding of its genetics, including the chemosensory system. Results: The assembly size for <i>Hippobosca camelina</i> female is 135.6 Mb with 17.08% repeated regions, an N50 of 1.2 Mb, a total of 2,182 contigs, a GC content of 33.5% and compleasm (Busco) completeness of 95.38% with the diptera_odb10 lineage (S:95.83%, 3148, D:0.30%, 10, F:0.30%, 10, I:0.00%, 0, M:3.56%, 117, N:3285) and <i>Hippobosca camelina</i> male had an assembly size of 133.5 Mb with 15.38% being repeats, an N50 of 419.6 Kb, 2,318 contigs, GC content of 33.5%, and compleasm (Busco) completeness of 94.70% with diptera_odb10 lineage (S:94.70%, 3111, D:0.49%, 16, F:0.85%, 28, I:0.00%, 0, M:3.96%, 130, N:3285). A total of 14,240 putative genes for <i>H. camelina</i> male and 13,496 putative genes for <i>H. camelina</i> female annotated were identified as orthologous to genes in selected dipterans that included <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, <i>Glossina morsitans morsitans</i>, <i>Glossina fuscipes</i>, <i>Glossina brevipalpis</i> and <i>Anopheles gambiae</i>. Chemosensory genes recovered included 4 Chemosensory specific proteins (CSPs), 18 Ionotropic receptors (IRs), 7 Gustatory receptors (GRs), 5 Odorant receptors (ORs), 9 Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) and 1 Sensory Neuron Membrane Protein (SNMP). Conclusion: This study generated two genome assemblies for <i>Hippobosca camelina</i>. Both are smaller in size compared to <i>Melophagus ovinus</i> (Zhang et al., BMC Genomics 24, 2023) and <i>Glossina morsitans</i> (Watanabe et al., Science 344:380–6, 2014 ). The <i>Hippobosca</i> assemblies have a lower repeat content compared to <i>G. morsitans</i> and <i>M. ovinus</i>, a phenomenon that may explain the reduced assembly size. A total of 44 chemosensory genes for <i>H. camelina</i> were annotated. The obligate parasitic lifestyle, limited movement, and narrow host specificity in <i>Hippobosca camelina</i> could be related to the reduced chemosensory system genes in the six known families of chemosensory genes as reported in this study.
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spelling CGSpace1762722025-10-26T12:56:37Z De novo genome assembly, annotation, and characterization of chemosensory genes in the camel ked (Hippobosca camelina) Kebaso, F. Diallo, S. Kibet, C. Hashim, S. Makwatta, J.O. Getahun, M. Getange, D. Domelevo Entfellner, Jean-Baka Masiga, D. camels ectoparasites genomics Background: <i>Hippobosca camelina</i> (camel ked) is an obligate hematophagous ectoparasite that infests camels. Hematophagy inflicts painful bites leading to myiasis, anemia and pathogen transmission such as <i>Candidatus Anaplasma camelii</i>. A genome assembly for this biting flies is currently unavailable, limiting understanding of its genetics, including the chemosensory system. Results: The assembly size for <i>Hippobosca camelina</i> female is 135.6 Mb with 17.08% repeated regions, an N50 of 1.2 Mb, a total of 2,182 contigs, a GC content of 33.5% and compleasm (Busco) completeness of 95.38% with the diptera_odb10 lineage (S:95.83%, 3148, D:0.30%, 10, F:0.30%, 10, I:0.00%, 0, M:3.56%, 117, N:3285) and <i>Hippobosca camelina</i> male had an assembly size of 133.5 Mb with 15.38% being repeats, an N50 of 419.6 Kb, 2,318 contigs, GC content of 33.5%, and compleasm (Busco) completeness of 94.70% with diptera_odb10 lineage (S:94.70%, 3111, D:0.49%, 16, F:0.85%, 28, I:0.00%, 0, M:3.96%, 130, N:3285). A total of 14,240 putative genes for <i>H. camelina</i> male and 13,496 putative genes for <i>H. camelina</i> female annotated were identified as orthologous to genes in selected dipterans that included <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, <i>Glossina morsitans morsitans</i>, <i>Glossina fuscipes</i>, <i>Glossina brevipalpis</i> and <i>Anopheles gambiae</i>. Chemosensory genes recovered included 4 Chemosensory specific proteins (CSPs), 18 Ionotropic receptors (IRs), 7 Gustatory receptors (GRs), 5 Odorant receptors (ORs), 9 Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) and 1 Sensory Neuron Membrane Protein (SNMP). Conclusion: This study generated two genome assemblies for <i>Hippobosca camelina</i>. Both are smaller in size compared to <i>Melophagus ovinus</i> (Zhang et al., BMC Genomics 24, 2023) and <i>Glossina morsitans</i> (Watanabe et al., Science 344:380–6, 2014 ). The <i>Hippobosca</i> assemblies have a lower repeat content compared to <i>G. morsitans</i> and <i>M. ovinus</i>, a phenomenon that may explain the reduced assembly size. A total of 44 chemosensory genes for <i>H. camelina</i> were annotated. The obligate parasitic lifestyle, limited movement, and narrow host specificity in <i>Hippobosca camelina</i> could be related to the reduced chemosensory system genes in the six known families of chemosensory genes as reported in this study. 2025-07-16 2025-09-01T09:21:18Z 2025-09-01T09:21:18Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/176272 en Open Access BioMed Central Kebaso, F., Diallo, S., Kibet, C., Hashim, S., Makwatta, J.O., Getahun, M., Getange, D., Domelevo Entfellner, J.-B. and Masiga, D. 2025. De novo genome assembly, annotation, and characterization of chemosensory genes in the camel ked (<i>Hippobosca camelina</i>). BMC Genomics 26: 668.
spellingShingle camels
ectoparasites
genomics
Kebaso, F.
Diallo, S.
Kibet, C.
Hashim, S.
Makwatta, J.O.
Getahun, M.
Getange, D.
Domelevo Entfellner, Jean-Baka
Masiga, D.
De novo genome assembly, annotation, and characterization of chemosensory genes in the camel ked (Hippobosca camelina)
title De novo genome assembly, annotation, and characterization of chemosensory genes in the camel ked (Hippobosca camelina)
title_full De novo genome assembly, annotation, and characterization of chemosensory genes in the camel ked (Hippobosca camelina)
title_fullStr De novo genome assembly, annotation, and characterization of chemosensory genes in the camel ked (Hippobosca camelina)
title_full_unstemmed De novo genome assembly, annotation, and characterization of chemosensory genes in the camel ked (Hippobosca camelina)
title_short De novo genome assembly, annotation, and characterization of chemosensory genes in the camel ked (Hippobosca camelina)
title_sort de novo genome assembly annotation and characterization of chemosensory genes in the camel ked hippobosca camelina
topic camels
ectoparasites
genomics
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/176272
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