Climate change impacts livestock carrying capacity in East Africa

Climate change poses a significant threat to livestock production in East Africa, with major implications for food security, rural livelihoods, and greenhouse gas emissions. Existing approaches to livestock carrying capacity often rely on either localized ground surveys, which are insufficient for c...

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Autores principales: Duku, Confidence, Diro, Gulilat T., Demissie, Teferi, Solomon, Dawit
Formato: Journal Article
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: 2025
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/176089
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author Duku, Confidence
Diro, Gulilat T.
Demissie, Teferi
Solomon, Dawit
author_browse Demissie, Teferi
Diro, Gulilat T.
Duku, Confidence
Solomon, Dawit
author_facet Duku, Confidence
Diro, Gulilat T.
Demissie, Teferi
Solomon, Dawit
author_sort Duku, Confidence
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description Climate change poses a significant threat to livestock production in East Africa, with major implications for food security, rural livelihoods, and greenhouse gas emissions. Existing approaches to livestock carrying capacity often rely on either localized ground surveys, which are insufficient for capturing the spatial variability and dynamic responses of rangelands at regional scales, or on process-based models, which require extensive calibration and are often unsuitable for data-scarce regions such as East Africa. Here, we address this gap by developing a novel machine learning-based approach that integrates remote sensing-derived biomass data with climate projections to estimate future changes in livestock carrying capacity and to diagnose their primary drivers. Our results project substantial declines in carrying capacity, particularly across mixed crop-livestock rainfed temperate systems. For example, reductions of up to 37% in tropical livestock units (TLU) are projected in Ethiopia’s dominant mixed crop-livestock rainfed temperate system, while Kenya is expected to experience up to a 24% reduction in the same production system, alongside moderate declines in Uganda. Modest increases are projected for some production systems, especially in parts of Uganda and Kenya. The main climatic drivers underlying the projected declines include increased precipitation during the wettest quarter, decreased temperature seasonality, and increased temperature during the driest quarter. Our findings highlight the urgency of implementing tailored adaptation strategies in the mixed crop-livestock rainfed temperate systems, especially in Ethiopia, with a focus on strengthening monitoring systems. Simultaneously, Uganda, Tanzania, and Kenya should capitalize on projected increases in carrying capacity, promoting sustainable productivity growth while prioritizing low-emissions livestock development.
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spelling CGSpace1760892025-10-26T12:55:28Z Climate change impacts livestock carrying capacity in East Africa Duku, Confidence Diro, Gulilat T. Demissie, Teferi Solomon, Dawit livestock grazing productivity climate change Climate change poses a significant threat to livestock production in East Africa, with major implications for food security, rural livelihoods, and greenhouse gas emissions. Existing approaches to livestock carrying capacity often rely on either localized ground surveys, which are insufficient for capturing the spatial variability and dynamic responses of rangelands at regional scales, or on process-based models, which require extensive calibration and are often unsuitable for data-scarce regions such as East Africa. Here, we address this gap by developing a novel machine learning-based approach that integrates remote sensing-derived biomass data with climate projections to estimate future changes in livestock carrying capacity and to diagnose their primary drivers. Our results project substantial declines in carrying capacity, particularly across mixed crop-livestock rainfed temperate systems. For example, reductions of up to 37% in tropical livestock units (TLU) are projected in Ethiopia’s dominant mixed crop-livestock rainfed temperate system, while Kenya is expected to experience up to a 24% reduction in the same production system, alongside moderate declines in Uganda. Modest increases are projected for some production systems, especially in parts of Uganda and Kenya. The main climatic drivers underlying the projected declines include increased precipitation during the wettest quarter, decreased temperature seasonality, and increased temperature during the driest quarter. Our findings highlight the urgency of implementing tailored adaptation strategies in the mixed crop-livestock rainfed temperate systems, especially in Ethiopia, with a focus on strengthening monitoring systems. Simultaneously, Uganda, Tanzania, and Kenya should capitalize on projected increases in carrying capacity, promoting sustainable productivity growth while prioritizing low-emissions livestock development. 2025-09 2025-08-13T08:58:11Z 2025-08-13T08:58:11Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/176089 en Open Access Duku, C., Diro, G.T., Demissie, T. and Dawit, S. 2025. Climate change impacts livestock carrying capacity in East Africa. Regional Environmental Change 25(3):110.
spellingShingle livestock
grazing
productivity
climate change
Duku, Confidence
Diro, Gulilat T.
Demissie, Teferi
Solomon, Dawit
Climate change impacts livestock carrying capacity in East Africa
title Climate change impacts livestock carrying capacity in East Africa
title_full Climate change impacts livestock carrying capacity in East Africa
title_fullStr Climate change impacts livestock carrying capacity in East Africa
title_full_unstemmed Climate change impacts livestock carrying capacity in East Africa
title_short Climate change impacts livestock carrying capacity in East Africa
title_sort climate change impacts livestock carrying capacity in east africa
topic livestock
grazing
productivity
climate change
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/176089
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AT dirogulilatt climatechangeimpactslivestockcarryingcapacityineastafrica
AT demissieteferi climatechangeimpactslivestockcarryingcapacityineastafrica
AT solomondawit climatechangeimpactslivestockcarryingcapacityineastafrica