Buyer-side gender discrimination in bargaining: Evidence from seed sales in Uganda

Haggling over prices is a common feature of economic transactions in many societies. This study examines whether the gender of the seller influences buyers’ negotiation strategies and outcomes in bilateral price bargaining. Using a bargaining experiment in eastern Uganda, we analyze interactions bet...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Van Campenhout, Bjorn, Nabwire, Leocardia
Format: Journal Article
Language:Inglés
Published: Elsevier 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/175690
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author Van Campenhout, Bjorn
Nabwire, Leocardia
author_browse Nabwire, Leocardia
Van Campenhout, Bjorn
author_facet Van Campenhout, Bjorn
Nabwire, Leocardia
author_sort Van Campenhout, Bjorn
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description Haggling over prices is a common feature of economic transactions in many societies. This study examines whether the gender of the seller influences buyers’ negotiation strategies and outcomes in bilateral price bargaining. Using a bargaining experiment in eastern Uganda, we analyze interactions between smallholder maize farmers and either a male or female seed seller. Our findings reveal that buyers negotiating with female sellers are less likely to accept the initial offer price and respond with lower counter-bids compared to those bargaining with male sellers. Negotiations also last, on average, one round longer when the seller is a woman, and final transaction prices are nearly 9 percent lower. These results are particularly relevant for rural economies, where restrictive gender norms limit women’s financial autonomy. Given that small agribusinesses often provide one of the few viable income-generating opportunities for women, gender biases in market interactions can have substantial implications for economic empowerment and household welfare.
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spelling CGSpace1756902025-10-26T12:55:35Z Buyer-side gender discrimination in bargaining: Evidence from seed sales in Uganda Van Campenhout, Bjorn Nabwire, Leocardia gender discrimination seeds bargaining power Haggling over prices is a common feature of economic transactions in many societies. This study examines whether the gender of the seller influences buyers’ negotiation strategies and outcomes in bilateral price bargaining. Using a bargaining experiment in eastern Uganda, we analyze interactions between smallholder maize farmers and either a male or female seed seller. Our findings reveal that buyers negotiating with female sellers are less likely to accept the initial offer price and respond with lower counter-bids compared to those bargaining with male sellers. Negotiations also last, on average, one round longer when the seller is a woman, and final transaction prices are nearly 9 percent lower. These results are particularly relevant for rural economies, where restrictive gender norms limit women’s financial autonomy. Given that small agribusinesses often provide one of the few viable income-generating opportunities for women, gender biases in market interactions can have substantial implications for economic empowerment and household welfare. 2025-12 2025-07-18T16:02:39Z 2025-07-18T16:02:39Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/175690 en https://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.137074 Open Access Elsevier Van Campenhout, Bjorn; and Nabwire, Leocardia. 2025. Buyer-side gender discrimination in bargaining: Evidence from seed sales in Uganda. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics 119(December 2025): 102404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2025.102404
spellingShingle gender
discrimination
seeds
bargaining power
Van Campenhout, Bjorn
Nabwire, Leocardia
Buyer-side gender discrimination in bargaining: Evidence from seed sales in Uganda
title Buyer-side gender discrimination in bargaining: Evidence from seed sales in Uganda
title_full Buyer-side gender discrimination in bargaining: Evidence from seed sales in Uganda
title_fullStr Buyer-side gender discrimination in bargaining: Evidence from seed sales in Uganda
title_full_unstemmed Buyer-side gender discrimination in bargaining: Evidence from seed sales in Uganda
title_short Buyer-side gender discrimination in bargaining: Evidence from seed sales in Uganda
title_sort buyer side gender discrimination in bargaining evidence from seed sales in uganda
topic gender
discrimination
seeds
bargaining power
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/175690
work_keys_str_mv AT vancampenhoutbjorn buyersidegenderdiscriminationinbargainingevidencefromseedsalesinuganda
AT nabwireleocardia buyersidegenderdiscriminationinbargainingevidencefromseedsalesinuganda