Assessing the contribution of managed aquifer recharge programs on groundwater storage in the Ramganga Basin

Groundwater, which supports nearly two-thirds of irrigation and underpins food security in India, faces depletion due to unsustainable abstraction. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) programs, which replenish aquifers during periods of surplus surface water, have emerged as a national strategy to bolste...

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Main Authors: Alam, Mohammad Faiz, Pavelic, Paul, Sharma, Navneet, Sikka, Alok
Format: Journal Article
Language:Inglés
Published: Elsevier 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/175545
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author Alam, Mohammad Faiz
Pavelic, Paul
Sharma, Navneet
Sikka, Alok
author_browse Alam, Mohammad Faiz
Pavelic, Paul
Sharma, Navneet
Sikka, Alok
author_facet Alam, Mohammad Faiz
Pavelic, Paul
Sharma, Navneet
Sikka, Alok
author_sort Alam, Mohammad Faiz
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description Groundwater, which supports nearly two-thirds of irrigation and underpins food security in India, faces depletion due to unsustainable abstraction. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) programs, which replenish aquifers during periods of surplus surface water, have emerged as a national strategy to bolster groundwater security. This study evaluates the contribution of government-led aquifer recharge programs to groundwater storage in the alluvial aquifers of the Ramganga basin, whilst taking account of factors such as climate variability and agricultural water demand. The analysis, drawing on district-level MAR development data, field monitoring of recharge structures, and trends in rainfall, irrigation, and groundwater levels, reveals that MAR initiatives have a positive impact on groundwater storage. However, at their current scale, their contribution is modest accounting for an estimated 2.5–7.5 % of rainfall-recharge in 2023. Thus, groundwater levels continue to decline across districts, with average annual depletion rates of 0.21–0.29 m/year, indicating that current MAR contributions remain insufficient to counter the supply-demand imbalance. Scaling of MAR has been assessed to require >40,000 additional recharge ponds. Moreover, the recharge efficiency of existing structures, averaging 48 mm/day, falls well below that of optimized MAR systems that incorporate recharge wells. Beyond supply-side measures, this study highlights the need for integrated demand management strategies in the Ganges basin. It underscores the pressing need for a comprehensive, science-based approach to MAR implementation, coupled with demand-side interventions, to ensure sustainable groundwater management.
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spelling CGSpace1755452025-10-26T12:55:15Z Assessing the contribution of managed aquifer recharge programs on groundwater storage in the Ramganga Basin Alam, Mohammad Faiz Pavelic, Paul Sharma, Navneet Sikka, Alok aquifers groundwater recharge water storage groundwater management sustainability groundwater irrigation water security rainfall Groundwater, which supports nearly two-thirds of irrigation and underpins food security in India, faces depletion due to unsustainable abstraction. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) programs, which replenish aquifers during periods of surplus surface water, have emerged as a national strategy to bolster groundwater security. This study evaluates the contribution of government-led aquifer recharge programs to groundwater storage in the alluvial aquifers of the Ramganga basin, whilst taking account of factors such as climate variability and agricultural water demand. The analysis, drawing on district-level MAR development data, field monitoring of recharge structures, and trends in rainfall, irrigation, and groundwater levels, reveals that MAR initiatives have a positive impact on groundwater storage. However, at their current scale, their contribution is modest accounting for an estimated 2.5–7.5 % of rainfall-recharge in 2023. Thus, groundwater levels continue to decline across districts, with average annual depletion rates of 0.21–0.29 m/year, indicating that current MAR contributions remain insufficient to counter the supply-demand imbalance. Scaling of MAR has been assessed to require >40,000 additional recharge ponds. Moreover, the recharge efficiency of existing structures, averaging 48 mm/day, falls well below that of optimized MAR systems that incorporate recharge wells. Beyond supply-side measures, this study highlights the need for integrated demand management strategies in the Ganges basin. It underscores the pressing need for a comprehensive, science-based approach to MAR implementation, coupled with demand-side interventions, to ensure sustainable groundwater management. 2025-08 2025-07-09T03:34:15Z 2025-07-09T03:34:15Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/175545 en Open Access Elsevier Alam, Mohammad Faiz; Pavelic, Paul; Sharma, Navneet; Sikka, Alok. 2025. Assessing the contribution of managed aquifer recharge programs on groundwater storage in the Ramganga Basin. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 30:101486. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101486
spellingShingle aquifers
groundwater recharge
water storage
groundwater management
sustainability
groundwater irrigation
water security
rainfall
Alam, Mohammad Faiz
Pavelic, Paul
Sharma, Navneet
Sikka, Alok
Assessing the contribution of managed aquifer recharge programs on groundwater storage in the Ramganga Basin
title Assessing the contribution of managed aquifer recharge programs on groundwater storage in the Ramganga Basin
title_full Assessing the contribution of managed aquifer recharge programs on groundwater storage in the Ramganga Basin
title_fullStr Assessing the contribution of managed aquifer recharge programs on groundwater storage in the Ramganga Basin
title_full_unstemmed Assessing the contribution of managed aquifer recharge programs on groundwater storage in the Ramganga Basin
title_short Assessing the contribution of managed aquifer recharge programs on groundwater storage in the Ramganga Basin
title_sort assessing the contribution of managed aquifer recharge programs on groundwater storage in the ramganga basin
topic aquifers
groundwater recharge
water storage
groundwater management
sustainability
groundwater irrigation
water security
rainfall
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/175545
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