| Sumario: | Nitrogen-based inorganic fertilizers have been crucial in crop production globally. For a long time, SSA agriculture has been characterised by low fertilizer use and negative nutrient balances. However, recently fertilizer use has increased drastically. Unfortunately, increased use of synthetic N fertilizers alters soil properties directly and indirectly, and N losses to the ecosystem contribute to environmental degradation and climate change. Limited studies have focused on the effect of increased N application rates on agricultural soils in the tropical highlands. It is crucial to investigate and understand N flows in tropical soils to predict potential ecological impacts of increased synthetic N-fertilizer use while meeting the food demand in SSA.
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