Demography of owned dogs across an East African continuum of high-low human density

Understanding the demographics of domestic dogs is essential for effective disease control strategies, particularly in areas where dogs are key reservoirs of diseases such as rabies. In this study, conducted in a region proximate to Nairobi, Kenya, we aimed to address the lack of current data on dog...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Murungi, Maurice K., Thomas, Lian F., Bor, Nicholas, Masaku, Ian, Anyango, Mercy, Munywoki, Peterkin N., Glazer, Camille, Muloi, Dishon M., Fèvre, Eric M.
Formato: Journal Article
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: Elsevier 2025
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/173828
_version_ 1855529398244999168
author Murungi, Maurice K.
Thomas, Lian F.
Bor, Nicholas
Masaku, Ian
Anyango, Mercy
Munywoki, Peterkin N.
Glazer, Camille
Muloi, Dishon M.
Fèvre, Eric M.
author_browse Anyango, Mercy
Bor, Nicholas
Fèvre, Eric M.
Glazer, Camille
Masaku, Ian
Muloi, Dishon M.
Munywoki, Peterkin N.
Murungi, Maurice K.
Thomas, Lian F.
author_facet Murungi, Maurice K.
Thomas, Lian F.
Bor, Nicholas
Masaku, Ian
Anyango, Mercy
Munywoki, Peterkin N.
Glazer, Camille
Muloi, Dishon M.
Fèvre, Eric M.
author_sort Murungi, Maurice K.
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description Understanding the demographics of domestic dogs is essential for effective disease control strategies, particularly in areas where dogs are key reservoirs of diseases such as rabies. In this study, conducted in a region proximate to Nairobi, Kenya, we aimed to address the lack of current data on dog demographics. This area spans a high-to-low human density continuum, providing a unique setting for examining the relationship between human and dog populations. We used a household (HH) survey approach, stratifying the area by human population density and selecting sub-locations for every 10th percentile of the population density stratum. Households were randomly selected across the strata to estimate the owned dog population, which was then extrapolated to the county level. Additionally, a negative binomial regression model was used to analyse the factors influencing the number of dogs owned by households. We found a human-to-owned dog ratio of 3.3:1, indicating an estimated owned dog population of 421,079 (95% CI: 408,702–424,950) in a county with 1,414,022 humans in the last census, with 65% of the households owning a mean of 2.45 dogs. Multivariable analysis revealed that the presence of a female dog had the strongest association with owning more dogs (OR = 3.08, CI: 2.71 - 3.50). Wealthier households (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.12–2.49), those keeping livestock (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.36–2.02), and larger households (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.03–1.07) were significantly more likely to own more dogs. These findings suggest that actual human-dog ratios may be higher than estimated in sub-Saharan Africa. Accurate dog demographic data is important for dog-mediated disease and conditions control strategies due to its important logistical and financial implications for implementing targeted control initiatives to improve public health and animal welfare.
format Journal Article
id CGSpace173828
institution CGIAR Consortium
language Inglés
publishDate 2025
publishDateRange 2025
publishDateSort 2025
publisher Elsevier
publisherStr Elsevier
record_format dspace
spelling CGSpace1738282025-10-26T12:53:00Z Demography of owned dogs across an East African continuum of high-low human density Murungi, Maurice K. Thomas, Lian F. Bor, Nicholas Masaku, Ian Anyango, Mercy Munywoki, Peterkin N. Glazer, Camille Muloi, Dishon M. Fèvre, Eric M. disease control rabies zoonoses Understanding the demographics of domestic dogs is essential for effective disease control strategies, particularly in areas where dogs are key reservoirs of diseases such as rabies. In this study, conducted in a region proximate to Nairobi, Kenya, we aimed to address the lack of current data on dog demographics. This area spans a high-to-low human density continuum, providing a unique setting for examining the relationship between human and dog populations. We used a household (HH) survey approach, stratifying the area by human population density and selecting sub-locations for every 10th percentile of the population density stratum. Households were randomly selected across the strata to estimate the owned dog population, which was then extrapolated to the county level. Additionally, a negative binomial regression model was used to analyse the factors influencing the number of dogs owned by households. We found a human-to-owned dog ratio of 3.3:1, indicating an estimated owned dog population of 421,079 (95% CI: 408,702–424,950) in a county with 1,414,022 humans in the last census, with 65% of the households owning a mean of 2.45 dogs. Multivariable analysis revealed that the presence of a female dog had the strongest association with owning more dogs (OR = 3.08, CI: 2.71 - 3.50). Wealthier households (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.12–2.49), those keeping livestock (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.36–2.02), and larger households (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.03–1.07) were significantly more likely to own more dogs. These findings suggest that actual human-dog ratios may be higher than estimated in sub-Saharan Africa. Accurate dog demographic data is important for dog-mediated disease and conditions control strategies due to its important logistical and financial implications for implementing targeted control initiatives to improve public health and animal welfare. 2025-06 2025-03-25T04:32:25Z 2025-03-25T04:32:25Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/173828 en Open Access Elsevier Murungi, M.K., Thomas, L.F., Bor, N., Masaku, I., Anyango, M., Munywoki, P.N., Glazer, C., Muloi, D.M. and Fèvre, E.M. 2025. Demography of owned dogs across an East African continuum of high-low human density. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 239: 106518.
spellingShingle disease control
rabies
zoonoses
Murungi, Maurice K.
Thomas, Lian F.
Bor, Nicholas
Masaku, Ian
Anyango, Mercy
Munywoki, Peterkin N.
Glazer, Camille
Muloi, Dishon M.
Fèvre, Eric M.
Demography of owned dogs across an East African continuum of high-low human density
title Demography of owned dogs across an East African continuum of high-low human density
title_full Demography of owned dogs across an East African continuum of high-low human density
title_fullStr Demography of owned dogs across an East African continuum of high-low human density
title_full_unstemmed Demography of owned dogs across an East African continuum of high-low human density
title_short Demography of owned dogs across an East African continuum of high-low human density
title_sort demography of owned dogs across an east african continuum of high low human density
topic disease control
rabies
zoonoses
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/173828
work_keys_str_mv AT murungimauricek demographyofowneddogsacrossaneastafricancontinuumofhighlowhumandensity
AT thomaslianf demographyofowneddogsacrossaneastafricancontinuumofhighlowhumandensity
AT bornicholas demographyofowneddogsacrossaneastafricancontinuumofhighlowhumandensity
AT masakuian demographyofowneddogsacrossaneastafricancontinuumofhighlowhumandensity
AT anyangomercy demographyofowneddogsacrossaneastafricancontinuumofhighlowhumandensity
AT munywokipeterkinn demographyofowneddogsacrossaneastafricancontinuumofhighlowhumandensity
AT glazercamille demographyofowneddogsacrossaneastafricancontinuumofhighlowhumandensity
AT muloidishonm demographyofowneddogsacrossaneastafricancontinuumofhighlowhumandensity
AT fevreericm demographyofowneddogsacrossaneastafricancontinuumofhighlowhumandensity