Measuring the holistic performance of food and agricultural systems: a systematic review

Measuring the performance of food and agricultural systems is critical for their transformation towards a sustainable, healthy, and resilient future. To guide decisions and ensure agrifood systems deliver multiple functions, a holistic systems perspective is needed. Previous reviews of assessment ap...

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Main Authors: Crossland, Mary, Coe, Ric, Lamanna, Christine, Chiputwa, Brian, Orero, Levi, Adoyo, Beatrice, Kumar, Sandhya, Mwangi, Victor Mutugi, Anyango, Edith, Fuchs, Lisa Elena, Kuria, Anne, Geck, Matthias
Format: Journal Article
Language:Inglés
Published: Frontiers Media 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/173627
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author Crossland, Mary
Coe, Ric
Lamanna, Christine
Chiputwa, Brian
Orero, Levi
Adoyo, Beatrice
Kumar, Sandhya
Mwangi, Victor Mutugi
Anyango, Edith
Fuchs, Lisa Elena
Kuria, Anne
Geck, Matthias
author_browse Adoyo, Beatrice
Anyango, Edith
Chiputwa, Brian
Coe, Ric
Crossland, Mary
Fuchs, Lisa Elena
Geck, Matthias
Kumar, Sandhya
Kuria, Anne
Lamanna, Christine
Mwangi, Victor Mutugi
Orero, Levi
author_facet Crossland, Mary
Coe, Ric
Lamanna, Christine
Chiputwa, Brian
Orero, Levi
Adoyo, Beatrice
Kumar, Sandhya
Mwangi, Victor Mutugi
Anyango, Edith
Fuchs, Lisa Elena
Kuria, Anne
Geck, Matthias
author_sort Crossland, Mary
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description Measuring the performance of food and agricultural systems is critical for their transformation towards a sustainable, healthy, and resilient future. To guide decisions and ensure agrifood systems deliver multiple functions, a holistic systems perspective is needed. Previous reviews of assessment approaches have focused primarily on the farm level and have been limited in their scope and definition of what it means to be holistic. In this review, we describe and evaluate 206 approaches based on four key characteristics of holistic systems assessment: (1) measuring multiple dimensions of performance, (2) integrating multiple stakeholder perspectives, (3) evaluating emergent system properties, and (4) collecting and presenting data in ways which reveal interactions, synergies, and trade-offs, so that they can be understood and considered when designing solutions. We find that there is recognition of the need for holistic assessment and a growing number of assessments are published each year. However, many assessments limit themselves to examining multiple dimensions of performance, neglecting the remaining three key characteristics of holistic assessment. While a systemic perspective is often acknowledged as important, only 14% of assessments considered synergies and trade-offs between metrics and 26% addressed emergent system properties. There is a trend toward more systemic framings such as agroecology and the inclusion of emergent properties. We conclude that there will never be one assessment approach that will work for everyone, can measure everything, and be used everywhere because of the diversity of agrifood systems and assessment objectives. Improving holistic assessment of agrifood systems is not a question of improving existing assessments. The gap to be addressed is the lack of methods for designing effective holistic systems assessments. This gap can be closed by providing clear guidance on how to navigate the abundance of existing approaches and develop assessments that meet specific needs. A meta-framework for guiding the development of holistic systems assessments, proposed in this review, can offer such guidance.
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publishDate 2025
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spelling CGSpace1736272025-12-08T10:29:22Z Measuring the holistic performance of food and agricultural systems: a systematic review Crossland, Mary Coe, Ric Lamanna, Christine Chiputwa, Brian Orero, Levi Adoyo, Beatrice Kumar, Sandhya Mwangi, Victor Mutugi Anyango, Edith Fuchs, Lisa Elena Kuria, Anne Geck, Matthias food systems agroecology resilience sustainability assessment farming systems frameworks indicators evaluation techniques systematic reviews literature reviews-reviews (literature) Measuring the performance of food and agricultural systems is critical for their transformation towards a sustainable, healthy, and resilient future. To guide decisions and ensure agrifood systems deliver multiple functions, a holistic systems perspective is needed. Previous reviews of assessment approaches have focused primarily on the farm level and have been limited in their scope and definition of what it means to be holistic. In this review, we describe and evaluate 206 approaches based on four key characteristics of holistic systems assessment: (1) measuring multiple dimensions of performance, (2) integrating multiple stakeholder perspectives, (3) evaluating emergent system properties, and (4) collecting and presenting data in ways which reveal interactions, synergies, and trade-offs, so that they can be understood and considered when designing solutions. We find that there is recognition of the need for holistic assessment and a growing number of assessments are published each year. However, many assessments limit themselves to examining multiple dimensions of performance, neglecting the remaining three key characteristics of holistic assessment. While a systemic perspective is often acknowledged as important, only 14% of assessments considered synergies and trade-offs between metrics and 26% addressed emergent system properties. There is a trend toward more systemic framings such as agroecology and the inclusion of emergent properties. We conclude that there will never be one assessment approach that will work for everyone, can measure everything, and be used everywhere because of the diversity of agrifood systems and assessment objectives. Improving holistic assessment of agrifood systems is not a question of improving existing assessments. The gap to be addressed is the lack of methods for designing effective holistic systems assessments. This gap can be closed by providing clear guidance on how to navigate the abundance of existing approaches and develop assessments that meet specific needs. A meta-framework for guiding the development of holistic systems assessments, proposed in this review, can offer such guidance. 2025-02-25 2025-03-17T07:21:33Z 2025-03-17T07:21:33Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/173627 en Open Access application/pdf Frontiers Media Crossland, M.; Coe, R.; Lamanna, C.; Chiputwa, B.; Orero, L.; Adoyo, B.; Kumar, S.; Mwangi, V.M.; Anyango, E.; Fuchs, L.E.; Kuria, A.; Geck, M. (2025) Measuring the holistic performance of food and agricultural systems: a systematic review. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 9: 1472109. ISSN: 2571-581X
spellingShingle food systems
agroecology
resilience
sustainability
assessment
farming systems
frameworks
indicators
evaluation techniques
systematic reviews
literature reviews-reviews (literature)
Crossland, Mary
Coe, Ric
Lamanna, Christine
Chiputwa, Brian
Orero, Levi
Adoyo, Beatrice
Kumar, Sandhya
Mwangi, Victor Mutugi
Anyango, Edith
Fuchs, Lisa Elena
Kuria, Anne
Geck, Matthias
Measuring the holistic performance of food and agricultural systems: a systematic review
title Measuring the holistic performance of food and agricultural systems: a systematic review
title_full Measuring the holistic performance of food and agricultural systems: a systematic review
title_fullStr Measuring the holistic performance of food and agricultural systems: a systematic review
title_full_unstemmed Measuring the holistic performance of food and agricultural systems: a systematic review
title_short Measuring the holistic performance of food and agricultural systems: a systematic review
title_sort measuring the holistic performance of food and agricultural systems a systematic review
topic food systems
agroecology
resilience
sustainability
assessment
farming systems
frameworks
indicators
evaluation techniques
systematic reviews
literature reviews-reviews (literature)
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/173627
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