Enhancing the water accounting plus framework to evaluate field-level water use and availability in rice-dominant cropping system and potential for mapping GHG emissions at scale: a case study for the eastern Gangetic Plains, Bihar, India
Agriculture is a major contributor to total global methane (CH4 ) and Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, accounting for 50% and 60% share, respectively. Rice cultivation accounts for approximately 20% and 10% of the global CH4 and N2O emissions, respectively. There is a strong positive correlation betwe...
| Autores principales: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Formato: | Informe técnico |
| Lenguaje: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Initiative on Excellence in Agronomy
2024
|
| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/173094 |
| _version_ | 1855513332093550592 |
|---|---|
| author | Mahapatra, Smaranika Velpuri, Naga Manohar Schmitter, Petra S. Pandey, Shivam Sikka, Alok |
| author_browse | Mahapatra, Smaranika Pandey, Shivam Schmitter, Petra S. Sikka, Alok Velpuri, Naga Manohar |
| author_facet | Mahapatra, Smaranika Velpuri, Naga Manohar Schmitter, Petra S. Pandey, Shivam Sikka, Alok |
| author_sort | Mahapatra, Smaranika |
| collection | Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace) |
| description | Agriculture is a major contributor to total global methane (CH4 ) and Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, accounting for 50% and 60% share, respectively. Rice cultivation accounts for approximately 20% and 10% of the global CH4 and N2O emissions, respectively. There is a strong positive correlation between water use in rice cultivation and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, primarily because flooded rice creates ideal (anaerobic) conditions for methane-producing bacteria. This study applies the conventional water accounting plus (WA+) framework that uses remotely sensed data products for the Eastern Gangetic Plains (EGP) region to estimate total water use, irrigation water use, and other hydrologic variables. These variables are estimated and assessed for entire cropland areas and selected rice fields across Bihar, India. Results indicated that the conventional WA+ approach ran at monthly time scales and using 250 m spatial resolution data. The results indicate that conventional WA+ was able to capture large-scale variations in water use but failed to capture field-level variations. To address this problem, the WA+ framework was refined to account better for water use in paddy fields. The new framework – Paddy WA+, uses high-resolution remote sensing data (at 30 m), improved runoff, and percolation estimation routines to track water use in the rice paddy fields. This new framework tracks the ponding depth on a daily time step so the amount of water in each rice field is estimated. The next steps include modelling efforts that will correlate the ponding depth with the GHG emissions at the field scale and scaling the emissions based on the empirical relationships between ponding depth and the emissions. The proposed framework is scalable and applicable to paddy-dominated regions worldwide because open-access remote sensing products are easily available. |
| format | Informe técnico |
| id | CGSpace173094 |
| institution | CGIAR Consortium |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publishDateRange | 2024 |
| publishDateSort | 2024 |
| publisher | International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Initiative on Excellence in Agronomy |
| publisherStr | International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Initiative on Excellence in Agronomy |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | CGSpace1730942025-11-07T08:52:40Z Enhancing the water accounting plus framework to evaluate field-level water use and availability in rice-dominant cropping system and potential for mapping GHG emissions at scale: a case study for the eastern Gangetic Plains, Bihar, India Mahapatra, Smaranika Velpuri, Naga Manohar Schmitter, Petra S. Pandey, Shivam Sikka, Alok water accounting frameworks water use water availability cropping systems rice greenhouse gas emissions case studies Agriculture is a major contributor to total global methane (CH4 ) and Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, accounting for 50% and 60% share, respectively. Rice cultivation accounts for approximately 20% and 10% of the global CH4 and N2O emissions, respectively. There is a strong positive correlation between water use in rice cultivation and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, primarily because flooded rice creates ideal (anaerobic) conditions for methane-producing bacteria. This study applies the conventional water accounting plus (WA+) framework that uses remotely sensed data products for the Eastern Gangetic Plains (EGP) region to estimate total water use, irrigation water use, and other hydrologic variables. These variables are estimated and assessed for entire cropland areas and selected rice fields across Bihar, India. Results indicated that the conventional WA+ approach ran at monthly time scales and using 250 m spatial resolution data. The results indicate that conventional WA+ was able to capture large-scale variations in water use but failed to capture field-level variations. To address this problem, the WA+ framework was refined to account better for water use in paddy fields. The new framework – Paddy WA+, uses high-resolution remote sensing data (at 30 m), improved runoff, and percolation estimation routines to track water use in the rice paddy fields. This new framework tracks the ponding depth on a daily time step so the amount of water in each rice field is estimated. The next steps include modelling efforts that will correlate the ponding depth with the GHG emissions at the field scale and scaling the emissions based on the empirical relationships between ponding depth and the emissions. The proposed framework is scalable and applicable to paddy-dominated regions worldwide because open-access remote sensing products are easily available. 2024-12-30 2025-02-17T08:12:50Z 2025-02-17T08:12:50Z Report https://hdl.handle.net/10568/173094 en Open Access application/pdf International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Initiative on Excellence in Agronomy Mahapatra, S.; Velpuri, N.; Schmitter, P.; Pandey, S.; Sikka, A. 2024. Enhancing the water accounting plus framework to evaluate field-level water use and availability in rice-dominant cropping system and potential for mapping GHG emissions at scale: a case study for the eastern Gangetic Plains, Bihar, India. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Initiative on Excellence in Agronomy. 26p. |
| spellingShingle | water accounting frameworks water use water availability cropping systems rice greenhouse gas emissions case studies Mahapatra, Smaranika Velpuri, Naga Manohar Schmitter, Petra S. Pandey, Shivam Sikka, Alok Enhancing the water accounting plus framework to evaluate field-level water use and availability in rice-dominant cropping system and potential for mapping GHG emissions at scale: a case study for the eastern Gangetic Plains, Bihar, India |
| title | Enhancing the water accounting plus framework to evaluate field-level water use and availability in rice-dominant cropping system and potential for mapping GHG emissions at scale: a case study for the eastern Gangetic Plains, Bihar, India |
| title_full | Enhancing the water accounting plus framework to evaluate field-level water use and availability in rice-dominant cropping system and potential for mapping GHG emissions at scale: a case study for the eastern Gangetic Plains, Bihar, India |
| title_fullStr | Enhancing the water accounting plus framework to evaluate field-level water use and availability in rice-dominant cropping system and potential for mapping GHG emissions at scale: a case study for the eastern Gangetic Plains, Bihar, India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhancing the water accounting plus framework to evaluate field-level water use and availability in rice-dominant cropping system and potential for mapping GHG emissions at scale: a case study for the eastern Gangetic Plains, Bihar, India |
| title_short | Enhancing the water accounting plus framework to evaluate field-level water use and availability in rice-dominant cropping system and potential for mapping GHG emissions at scale: a case study for the eastern Gangetic Plains, Bihar, India |
| title_sort | enhancing the water accounting plus framework to evaluate field level water use and availability in rice dominant cropping system and potential for mapping ghg emissions at scale a case study for the eastern gangetic plains bihar india |
| topic | water accounting frameworks water use water availability cropping systems rice greenhouse gas emissions case studies |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/173094 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mahapatrasmaranika enhancingthewateraccountingplusframeworktoevaluatefieldlevelwateruseandavailabilityinricedominantcroppingsystemandpotentialformappingghgemissionsatscaleacasestudyfortheeasterngangeticplainsbiharindia AT velpurinagamanohar enhancingthewateraccountingplusframeworktoevaluatefieldlevelwateruseandavailabilityinricedominantcroppingsystemandpotentialformappingghgemissionsatscaleacasestudyfortheeasterngangeticplainsbiharindia AT schmitterpetras enhancingthewateraccountingplusframeworktoevaluatefieldlevelwateruseandavailabilityinricedominantcroppingsystemandpotentialformappingghgemissionsatscaleacasestudyfortheeasterngangeticplainsbiharindia AT pandeyshivam enhancingthewateraccountingplusframeworktoevaluatefieldlevelwateruseandavailabilityinricedominantcroppingsystemandpotentialformappingghgemissionsatscaleacasestudyfortheeasterngangeticplainsbiharindia AT sikkaalok enhancingthewateraccountingplusframeworktoevaluatefieldlevelwateruseandavailabilityinricedominantcroppingsystemandpotentialformappingghgemissionsatscaleacasestudyfortheeasterngangeticplainsbiharindia |