Documenting challenges in achieving rabies elimination by 2030 in low-middle income countries; a Kenyan case study from Lamu County, 2020–2022: mixed methods approach
Background: Kenya launched a Rabies Elimination Strategy in 2014, aiming to end human rabies deaths by 2030. In March 2022, Lamu County reported increased cases of human dog bites and suspected rabies deaths to the Ministry of Health (MoH). We aimed to establish the extent of the rabies outbreak in...
| Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Formato: | Journal Article |
| Lenguaje: | Inglés |
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BioMed Central
2025
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| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/172902 |
| _version_ | 1855531652459003904 |
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| author | Mwanyalu, N. Mwatondo, Athman Chuchu, V. Maina, K. Muturi, Mathew Mutiiria, M. Chepkwony, D. Owiny, M. Munyua, P. |
| author_browse | Chepkwony, D. Chuchu, V. Maina, K. Munyua, P. Mutiiria, M. Muturi, Mathew Mwanyalu, N. Mwatondo, Athman Owiny, M. |
| author_facet | Mwanyalu, N. Mwatondo, Athman Chuchu, V. Maina, K. Muturi, Mathew Mutiiria, M. Chepkwony, D. Owiny, M. Munyua, P. |
| author_sort | Mwanyalu, N. |
| collection | Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace) |
| description | Background: Kenya launched a Rabies Elimination Strategy in 2014, aiming to end human rabies deaths by 2030. In March 2022, Lamu County reported increased cases of human dog bites and suspected rabies deaths to the Ministry of Health (MoH). We aimed to establish the extent of the rabies outbreak in humans and animals and determine the challenges to achieving rabies elimination by 2030.
Methods: We extracted dog bite reports from the Kenya Health Information System (KHIS), national surveillance database system, and reviewed medical records at health facilities in Lamu County for suspected human rabies deaths from 2020 to 2022. We obtained information about animal bites and illnesses in deceased persons, checked the availability of anti-rabies vaccines in health facilities, and administered rabies knowledge and practice questionnaires to health workers. For categorical data, frequencies and proportions were determined.
Results: There were 787 dog bite cases and six human rabies cases. Only a third (2/6) of the rabies cases were uploaded to the KHIS. The county used targeted dog vaccination, and samples were not collected from the biting dogs. Regarding the availability of human rabies vaccines, half (8/16) of the facilities had the human rabies vaccine, and 19% (3/16) had both the human rabies vaccine and rabies immunoglobulin (RIG). Rabies vaccine stock-outs were common at 73% (11/16). Only 25% (18/73) of the health workers reported their first action would be to clean the bite wound with running water and soap for 15 min. Additionally, 86% (54/63) did not know the recommended human rabies vaccine and RIG dosage and schedule, while 25% (18/73) of healthcare workers were satisfied with the existing information-sharing mechanisms between veterinary and human health departments for rabies prevention and control.
Conclusions: There was underreporting of rabies cases, a lack of awareness of bite wound management at health facilities, and persistent stockouts of human rabies vaccines. We suggest training healthcare workers on animal bite case management and improving One Health information exchange. |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | CGSpace172902 |
| institution | CGIAR Consortium |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publishDateRange | 2025 |
| publishDateSort | 2025 |
| publisher | BioMed Central |
| publisherStr | BioMed Central |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | CGSpace1729022025-12-08T09:54:28Z Documenting challenges in achieving rabies elimination by 2030 in low-middle income countries; a Kenyan case study from Lamu County, 2020–2022: mixed methods approach Mwanyalu, N. Mwatondo, Athman Chuchu, V. Maina, K. Muturi, Mathew Mutiiria, M. Chepkwony, D. Owiny, M. Munyua, P. disease control rabies zoonoses Background: Kenya launched a Rabies Elimination Strategy in 2014, aiming to end human rabies deaths by 2030. In March 2022, Lamu County reported increased cases of human dog bites and suspected rabies deaths to the Ministry of Health (MoH). We aimed to establish the extent of the rabies outbreak in humans and animals and determine the challenges to achieving rabies elimination by 2030. Methods: We extracted dog bite reports from the Kenya Health Information System (KHIS), national surveillance database system, and reviewed medical records at health facilities in Lamu County for suspected human rabies deaths from 2020 to 2022. We obtained information about animal bites and illnesses in deceased persons, checked the availability of anti-rabies vaccines in health facilities, and administered rabies knowledge and practice questionnaires to health workers. For categorical data, frequencies and proportions were determined. Results: There were 787 dog bite cases and six human rabies cases. Only a third (2/6) of the rabies cases were uploaded to the KHIS. The county used targeted dog vaccination, and samples were not collected from the biting dogs. Regarding the availability of human rabies vaccines, half (8/16) of the facilities had the human rabies vaccine, and 19% (3/16) had both the human rabies vaccine and rabies immunoglobulin (RIG). Rabies vaccine stock-outs were common at 73% (11/16). Only 25% (18/73) of the health workers reported their first action would be to clean the bite wound with running water and soap for 15 min. Additionally, 86% (54/63) did not know the recommended human rabies vaccine and RIG dosage and schedule, while 25% (18/73) of healthcare workers were satisfied with the existing information-sharing mechanisms between veterinary and human health departments for rabies prevention and control. Conclusions: There was underreporting of rabies cases, a lack of awareness of bite wound management at health facilities, and persistent stockouts of human rabies vaccines. We suggest training healthcare workers on animal bite case management and improving One Health information exchange. 2025-02-10 2025-02-10T11:14:03Z 2025-02-10T11:14:03Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/172902 en Open Access BioMed Central Mwanyalu, N., Mwatondo, A., Chuchu, V., Maina, K., Muturi, M., Mutiiria, M., Chepkwony, D., Owiny, M. and Munyua, P. 2025. Documenting challenges in achieving rabies elimination by 2030 in low-middle income countries; a Kenyan case study from Lamu County, 2020–2022: mixed methods approach. One Health Outlook 7: 6. |
| spellingShingle | disease control rabies zoonoses Mwanyalu, N. Mwatondo, Athman Chuchu, V. Maina, K. Muturi, Mathew Mutiiria, M. Chepkwony, D. Owiny, M. Munyua, P. Documenting challenges in achieving rabies elimination by 2030 in low-middle income countries; a Kenyan case study from Lamu County, 2020–2022: mixed methods approach |
| title | Documenting challenges in achieving rabies elimination by 2030 in low-middle income countries; a Kenyan case study from Lamu County, 2020–2022: mixed methods approach |
| title_full | Documenting challenges in achieving rabies elimination by 2030 in low-middle income countries; a Kenyan case study from Lamu County, 2020–2022: mixed methods approach |
| title_fullStr | Documenting challenges in achieving rabies elimination by 2030 in low-middle income countries; a Kenyan case study from Lamu County, 2020–2022: mixed methods approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Documenting challenges in achieving rabies elimination by 2030 in low-middle income countries; a Kenyan case study from Lamu County, 2020–2022: mixed methods approach |
| title_short | Documenting challenges in achieving rabies elimination by 2030 in low-middle income countries; a Kenyan case study from Lamu County, 2020–2022: mixed methods approach |
| title_sort | documenting challenges in achieving rabies elimination by 2030 in low middle income countries a kenyan case study from lamu county 2020 2022 mixed methods approach |
| topic | disease control rabies zoonoses |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/172902 |
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