Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in South Asian countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction South Asia is observing an epidemiological transition from communicable to non-communicable diseases where diabetes is an important marker. In this study, we estimate the overall prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in South Asian countries. Method A systematic literature review and...

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Main Authors: Ali, Masum, Alam, Md Mahbub, Rifat, M. A., Simi, Sonjida Mesket, Sarwar, Sneha, Amin, Md Ruhul, Saha, Sanjib
Format: Journal Article
Language:Inglés
Published: Springer 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/172816
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author Ali, Masum
Alam, Md Mahbub
Rifat, M. A.
Simi, Sonjida Mesket
Sarwar, Sneha
Amin, Md Ruhul
Saha, Sanjib
author_browse Alam, Md Mahbub
Ali, Masum
Amin, Md Ruhul
Rifat, M. A.
Saha, Sanjib
Sarwar, Sneha
Simi, Sonjida Mesket
author_facet Ali, Masum
Alam, Md Mahbub
Rifat, M. A.
Simi, Sonjida Mesket
Sarwar, Sneha
Amin, Md Ruhul
Saha, Sanjib
author_sort Ali, Masum
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description Introduction South Asia is observing an epidemiological transition from communicable to non-communicable diseases where diabetes is an important marker. In this study, we estimate the overall prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in South Asian countries. Method A systematic literature review and meta-analysis is performed to estimate the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, the Maldives, and Afghanistan using studies based on only the nationally representative surveys and published from 2012 until June 2024. The quality of the included articles was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Both random-effect (Der Simonian-Laird inverse variance) and fixed-effect models were used to perform meta-analyses followed by meta-regression. Results We identified 64 studies for diabetes and 14 studies for prediabetes, covering a total of 4,613,487 and 156,407 participants, respectively. Overall, the pooled prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes was 8.56% (95% CI 5.73–11.91; I2 = 99.99%) and 18.99% (95% CI 12.74–26.6; I2 = 99.87%), respectively, with high heterogeneity observed among the studies based on random-effect models. We also found that the prevalence of diabetes identified by clinical methods was higher than the self-reported measures. Conclusion The analyses revealed that the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in South Asia throughout the study period is significantly elevated. This necessitates the establishment of comprehensive guidelines for South Asians to mitigate the escalating prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes.
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spelling CGSpace1728162025-10-26T12:55:22Z Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in South Asian countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis Ali, Masum Alam, Md Mahbub Rifat, M. A. Simi, Sonjida Mesket Sarwar, Sneha Amin, Md Ruhul Saha, Sanjib diabetes epidemiology guidelines Introduction South Asia is observing an epidemiological transition from communicable to non-communicable diseases where diabetes is an important marker. In this study, we estimate the overall prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in South Asian countries. Method A systematic literature review and meta-analysis is performed to estimate the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, the Maldives, and Afghanistan using studies based on only the nationally representative surveys and published from 2012 until June 2024. The quality of the included articles was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Both random-effect (Der Simonian-Laird inverse variance) and fixed-effect models were used to perform meta-analyses followed by meta-regression. Results We identified 64 studies for diabetes and 14 studies for prediabetes, covering a total of 4,613,487 and 156,407 participants, respectively. Overall, the pooled prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes was 8.56% (95% CI 5.73–11.91; I2 = 99.99%) and 18.99% (95% CI 12.74–26.6; I2 = 99.87%), respectively, with high heterogeneity observed among the studies based on random-effect models. We also found that the prevalence of diabetes identified by clinical methods was higher than the self-reported measures. Conclusion The analyses revealed that the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in South Asia throughout the study period is significantly elevated. This necessitates the establishment of comprehensive guidelines for South Asians to mitigate the escalating prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes. 2025-01 2025-02-05T17:28:02Z 2025-02-05T17:28:02Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/172816 en Open Access Springer Ali, Masum; Alam, Md Mahbub; Rifat, M. A.; Simi, Sonjida Mesket; Sarwar, Sneha; Amin, Md Ruhul; and Saha, Sanjib. 2025. Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in South Asian countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Discover Public Health 22: 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-00426-8
spellingShingle diabetes
epidemiology
guidelines
Ali, Masum
Alam, Md Mahbub
Rifat, M. A.
Simi, Sonjida Mesket
Sarwar, Sneha
Amin, Md Ruhul
Saha, Sanjib
Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in South Asian countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
title Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in South Asian countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in South Asian countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
title_fullStr Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in South Asian countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in South Asian countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
title_short Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in South Asian countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
title_sort prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in south asian countries a systematic review and meta analysis
topic diabetes
epidemiology
guidelines
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/172816
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