More food, but less land and water for nature: why agricultural productivity gains did not materialize

Realism about productivity gains in agriculture and water is critical to understand if the world can feed itself while protecting nature. We use government-reported data to review progress over 2000–2020 compared to projections for irrigated and rainfed agriculture and trade. Our results over the pe...

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Autores principales: Seijger, C., Urfels, A., Christoforidou, M., Hellegers, P., Borghuis, G., Langan, Simon, van Halsema, G.
Formato: Journal Article
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: Elsevier 2025
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/170281
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author Seijger, C.
Urfels, A.
Christoforidou, M.
Hellegers, P.
Borghuis, G.
Langan, Simon
van Halsema, G.
author_browse Borghuis, G.
Christoforidou, M.
Hellegers, P.
Langan, Simon
Seijger, C.
Urfels, A.
van Halsema, G.
author_facet Seijger, C.
Urfels, A.
Christoforidou, M.
Hellegers, P.
Borghuis, G.
Langan, Simon
van Halsema, G.
author_sort Seijger, C.
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description Realism about productivity gains in agriculture and water is critical to understand if the world can feed itself while protecting nature. We use government-reported data to review progress over 2000–2020 compared to projections for irrigated and rainfed agriculture and trade. Our results over the period 2000–2020 show that productivity gains largely did not materialize. Instead of consolidating cereal production and trade in favourable regions like North America, Europe and Russia, their arable land declined by 35 million hectares, while arable land expanded by 74 million hectares in Africa, Latin America and Eastern Asia. Likewise, water productivity gains did not materialize, as photosynthesis breakthroughs did not occur. Land productivity (yield) gains were projected to rise 21–61 %, making the observed increase in cereal yields of 31 % a slight one. This puts the world on the path of using steadily more land and water to produce food and feed, at the expense of nature. Solutions to veer off this path include reducing food demand (including dietary change), stabilising rainfed agriculture and broadening the crop genetic resources base.
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publishDate 2025
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spelling CGSpace1702812025-12-08T09:54:28Z More food, but less land and water for nature: why agricultural productivity gains did not materialize Seijger, C. Urfels, A. Christoforidou, M. Hellegers, P. Borghuis, G. Langan, Simon van Halsema, G. agricultural productivity food security water productivity land productivity water accounting yield gap rainfed farming trade Realism about productivity gains in agriculture and water is critical to understand if the world can feed itself while protecting nature. We use government-reported data to review progress over 2000–2020 compared to projections for irrigated and rainfed agriculture and trade. Our results over the period 2000–2020 show that productivity gains largely did not materialize. Instead of consolidating cereal production and trade in favourable regions like North America, Europe and Russia, their arable land declined by 35 million hectares, while arable land expanded by 74 million hectares in Africa, Latin America and Eastern Asia. Likewise, water productivity gains did not materialize, as photosynthesis breakthroughs did not occur. Land productivity (yield) gains were projected to rise 21–61 %, making the observed increase in cereal yields of 31 % a slight one. This puts the world on the path of using steadily more land and water to produce food and feed, at the expense of nature. Solutions to veer off this path include reducing food demand (including dietary change), stabilising rainfed agriculture and broadening the crop genetic resources base. 2025-02 2025-01-29T00:15:30Z 2025-01-29T00:15:30Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/170281 en Open Access Elsevier Seijger, C.; Urfels, A.; Christoforidou, M.; Hellegers, P.; Borghuis, G.; Langan, Simon; van Halsema, G. 2025. More food, but less land and water for nature: why agricultural productivity gains did not materialize. Agricultural Water Management, 307:109229. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109229]
spellingShingle agricultural productivity
food security
water productivity
land productivity
water accounting
yield gap
rainfed farming
trade
Seijger, C.
Urfels, A.
Christoforidou, M.
Hellegers, P.
Borghuis, G.
Langan, Simon
van Halsema, G.
More food, but less land and water for nature: why agricultural productivity gains did not materialize
title More food, but less land and water for nature: why agricultural productivity gains did not materialize
title_full More food, but less land and water for nature: why agricultural productivity gains did not materialize
title_fullStr More food, but less land and water for nature: why agricultural productivity gains did not materialize
title_full_unstemmed More food, but less land and water for nature: why agricultural productivity gains did not materialize
title_short More food, but less land and water for nature: why agricultural productivity gains did not materialize
title_sort more food but less land and water for nature why agricultural productivity gains did not materialize
topic agricultural productivity
food security
water productivity
land productivity
water accounting
yield gap
rainfed farming
trade
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/170281
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