Data-driven strategies to improve nitrogen use efficiency of rice farming in South Asia

Increasing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in agricultural production mitigates climate change, limits water pollution and reduces fertilizer subsidy costs. Nevertheless, strategies for increasing NUE without jeopardizing food security are uncertain in globally important cropping systems. Here we anal...

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Main Authors: Coggins, Sam, McDonald, Andrew, Silva, Joao Vasco, Urfels, Anton, Nayak, Hari, Sherpa, Sonam Rinchen, Jat, Mangi Lal, Jat, Hanuman Sahay, Krupnik, Timothy J., Kumar, Virender, Malik, Ram, Sapkota, Tek, Nayak, Amaresh Kumar, Craufurd, Peter Q.
Format: Journal Article
Language:Inglés
Published: Nature Research 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/169504
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author Coggins, Sam
McDonald, Andrew
Silva, Joao Vasco
Urfels, Anton
Nayak, Hari
Sherpa, Sonam Rinchen
Jat, Mangi Lal
Jat, Hanuman Sahay
Krupnik, Timothy J.
Kumar, Virender
Malik, Ram
Sapkota, Tek
Nayak, Amaresh Kumar
Craufurd, Peter Q.
author_browse Coggins, Sam
Craufurd, Peter Q.
Jat, Hanuman Sahay
Jat, Mangi Lal
Krupnik, Timothy J.
Kumar, Virender
Malik, Ram
McDonald, Andrew
Nayak, Amaresh Kumar
Nayak, Hari
Sapkota, Tek
Sherpa, Sonam Rinchen
Silva, Joao Vasco
Urfels, Anton
author_facet Coggins, Sam
McDonald, Andrew
Silva, Joao Vasco
Urfels, Anton
Nayak, Hari
Sherpa, Sonam Rinchen
Jat, Mangi Lal
Jat, Hanuman Sahay
Krupnik, Timothy J.
Kumar, Virender
Malik, Ram
Sapkota, Tek
Nayak, Amaresh Kumar
Craufurd, Peter Q.
author_sort Coggins, Sam
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description Increasing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in agricultural production mitigates climate change, limits water pollution and reduces fertilizer subsidy costs. Nevertheless, strategies for increasing NUE without jeopardizing food security are uncertain in globally important cropping systems. Here we analyse a novel dataset of more than 31,000 farmer fields spanning the Terai of Nepal, Bangladesh's floodplains and four major rice-producing regions of India. Results indicate that 55% of rice farmers overuse nitrogen fertilizer, and hence the region could save 18 kg of nitrogen per hectare without compromising rice yield. Disincentivizing this excess nitrogen application presents the most impactful pathway for increasing NUE. Addressing yield constraints unrelated to crop nutrition can also improve NUE, most promisingly through earlier transplanting and improving water management, and this secondary pathway was overlooked in the IPCC's 2022 report on climate change mitigation. Combining nitrogen input reduction with changes to agronomic management could increase rice production in South Asia by 8% while reducing environmental pollution from nitrogen fertilizer, measured as nitrogen surplus, by 36%. Even so, opportunities to improve NUE vary within South Asia, which necessitates sub-regional strategies for sustainable nitrogen management.
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spelling CGSpace1695042025-11-12T04:58:32Z Data-driven strategies to improve nitrogen use efficiency of rice farming in South Asia Coggins, Sam McDonald, Andrew Silva, Joao Vasco Urfels, Anton Nayak, Hari Sherpa, Sonam Rinchen Jat, Mangi Lal Jat, Hanuman Sahay Krupnik, Timothy J. Kumar, Virender Malik, Ram Sapkota, Tek Nayak, Amaresh Kumar Craufurd, Peter Q. nitrogen-use efficiency climate change mitigation agriculture data environmental economics environmental impact Increasing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in agricultural production mitigates climate change, limits water pollution and reduces fertilizer subsidy costs. Nevertheless, strategies for increasing NUE without jeopardizing food security are uncertain in globally important cropping systems. Here we analyse a novel dataset of more than 31,000 farmer fields spanning the Terai of Nepal, Bangladesh's floodplains and four major rice-producing regions of India. Results indicate that 55% of rice farmers overuse nitrogen fertilizer, and hence the region could save 18 kg of nitrogen per hectare without compromising rice yield. Disincentivizing this excess nitrogen application presents the most impactful pathway for increasing NUE. Addressing yield constraints unrelated to crop nutrition can also improve NUE, most promisingly through earlier transplanting and improving water management, and this secondary pathway was overlooked in the IPCC's 2022 report on climate change mitigation. Combining nitrogen input reduction with changes to agronomic management could increase rice production in South Asia by 8% while reducing environmental pollution from nitrogen fertilizer, measured as nitrogen surplus, by 36%. Even so, opportunities to improve NUE vary within South Asia, which necessitates sub-regional strategies for sustainable nitrogen management. 2025 2025-01-20T22:09:13Z 2025-01-20T22:09:13Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/169504 en https://github.com/RiceNUE/Data-driven-strategies-to-improve-nitrogen-use-efficiency-of-rice-farming-in-South-Asia Open Access application/pdf Nature Research Coggins, S., McDonald, A. J., Silva, J. V., Urfels, A., Nayak, H. S., Sherpa, S. R., Jat, M. L., Jat, H. S., Krupnik, T., Kumar, V., Malik, Ram. K., Sapkota, T. B., Nayak, A. K., & Craufurd, P. (2025). Data-driven strategies to improve nitrogen use efficiency of rice farming in South Asia. Nature Sustainability, 8, 22–33. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-024-01496-3
spellingShingle nitrogen-use efficiency
climate change mitigation
agriculture
data
environmental economics
environmental impact
Coggins, Sam
McDonald, Andrew
Silva, Joao Vasco
Urfels, Anton
Nayak, Hari
Sherpa, Sonam Rinchen
Jat, Mangi Lal
Jat, Hanuman Sahay
Krupnik, Timothy J.
Kumar, Virender
Malik, Ram
Sapkota, Tek
Nayak, Amaresh Kumar
Craufurd, Peter Q.
Data-driven strategies to improve nitrogen use efficiency of rice farming in South Asia
title Data-driven strategies to improve nitrogen use efficiency of rice farming in South Asia
title_full Data-driven strategies to improve nitrogen use efficiency of rice farming in South Asia
title_fullStr Data-driven strategies to improve nitrogen use efficiency of rice farming in South Asia
title_full_unstemmed Data-driven strategies to improve nitrogen use efficiency of rice farming in South Asia
title_short Data-driven strategies to improve nitrogen use efficiency of rice farming in South Asia
title_sort data driven strategies to improve nitrogen use efficiency of rice farming in south asia
topic nitrogen-use efficiency
climate change mitigation
agriculture
data
environmental economics
environmental impact
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/169504
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