Crop Residue Effects on Nitrogen Mineralization, Microbial Biomass, and Rice Yield in Submerged Soils

Urea, crop residues, and green manure are all suitable sources of N for lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.). However, N sources undergo mineralization at different rates, affecting rice N uptake and utilization. Little is known about the effect of the chemical composition of crop residues on N mineraliza...

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Autores principales: Clément, A., Chalifour, F.-P., Ladha, J.K.
Formato: Journal Article
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: Wiley 1995
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/167333
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author Clément, A.
Chalifour, F.-P.
Ladha, J.K.
author_browse Chalifour, F.-P.
Clément, A.
Ladha, J.K.
author_facet Clément, A.
Chalifour, F.-P.
Ladha, J.K.
author_sort Clément, A.
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description Urea, crop residues, and green manure are all suitable sources of N for lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.). However, N sources undergo mineralization at different rates, affecting rice N uptake and utilization. Little is known about the effect of the chemical composition of crop residues on N mineralization and rice performance. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the dynamics of N mineralization, microbial biomass, and rice N uptake. Twelve treatments representing a wide range of crop residue chemical composition and two controls (with and without urea) were compared. The N mineralization pattern ranged from rapid (Sesbania rostata Brem. and Oberm.) to immobilization at the beginning of the season (Cassia velosa L.). Immediately after incorporation, N mineralization was positively correlated to crop residue N concentration (r2 = 0.64, significant at P < 0.01), and negatively correlated to tannin concentration. However, at tillering, the tannin/N ratio was best correlated to the rate of N release (r2 = 0.86, significant at P < 0.01). Grain yield was best predicted by the (lignin + polyphenol)/N ratio (r2 = 0.67, significant at P < 0.01). Incorporation of residue into soil generally increased microbial biomass ninhydrin‐reactive N compared with control treatments at the tillering stage, but not at maturity. Microbial biomass N was highly correlated to soil NH+4‐N at rice tillering (r2 = 0.76, significant at P < 0.01). The N derived from fertilizer in rice was 35.4% on average for residue treatments, which was comparable with that of the urea control (33.5%). This study emphasizes the importance of considering the interactions among chemical constituents of crop residues to understand the dynamics of N release and uptake by rice.
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spelling CGSpace1673332025-05-14T10:39:49Z Crop Residue Effects on Nitrogen Mineralization, Microbial Biomass, and Rice Yield in Submerged Soils Clément, A. Chalifour, F.-P. Ladha, J.K. crop residues nitrogen mineralization biomass yields flooded soils growth Urea, crop residues, and green manure are all suitable sources of N for lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.). However, N sources undergo mineralization at different rates, affecting rice N uptake and utilization. Little is known about the effect of the chemical composition of crop residues on N mineralization and rice performance. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the dynamics of N mineralization, microbial biomass, and rice N uptake. Twelve treatments representing a wide range of crop residue chemical composition and two controls (with and without urea) were compared. The N mineralization pattern ranged from rapid (Sesbania rostata Brem. and Oberm.) to immobilization at the beginning of the season (Cassia velosa L.). Immediately after incorporation, N mineralization was positively correlated to crop residue N concentration (r2 = 0.64, significant at P < 0.01), and negatively correlated to tannin concentration. However, at tillering, the tannin/N ratio was best correlated to the rate of N release (r2 = 0.86, significant at P < 0.01). Grain yield was best predicted by the (lignin + polyphenol)/N ratio (r2 = 0.67, significant at P < 0.01). Incorporation of residue into soil generally increased microbial biomass ninhydrin‐reactive N compared with control treatments at the tillering stage, but not at maturity. Microbial biomass N was highly correlated to soil NH+4‐N at rice tillering (r2 = 0.76, significant at P < 0.01). The N derived from fertilizer in rice was 35.4% on average for residue treatments, which was comparable with that of the urea control (33.5%). This study emphasizes the importance of considering the interactions among chemical constituents of crop residues to understand the dynamics of N release and uptake by rice. 1995-11 2024-12-19T12:57:16Z 2024-12-19T12:57:16Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/167333 en Wiley Clément, A.; Chalifour, F.‐P. and Ladha, J. K. 1995. Crop Residue Effects on Nitrogen Mineralization, Microbial Biomass, and Rice Yield in Submerged Soils. Soil Science Soc of Amer J, Volume 59 no. 6 p. 1595-1603
spellingShingle crop residues
nitrogen
mineralization
biomass
yields
flooded soils
growth
Clément, A.
Chalifour, F.-P.
Ladha, J.K.
Crop Residue Effects on Nitrogen Mineralization, Microbial Biomass, and Rice Yield in Submerged Soils
title Crop Residue Effects on Nitrogen Mineralization, Microbial Biomass, and Rice Yield in Submerged Soils
title_full Crop Residue Effects on Nitrogen Mineralization, Microbial Biomass, and Rice Yield in Submerged Soils
title_fullStr Crop Residue Effects on Nitrogen Mineralization, Microbial Biomass, and Rice Yield in Submerged Soils
title_full_unstemmed Crop Residue Effects on Nitrogen Mineralization, Microbial Biomass, and Rice Yield in Submerged Soils
title_short Crop Residue Effects on Nitrogen Mineralization, Microbial Biomass, and Rice Yield in Submerged Soils
title_sort crop residue effects on nitrogen mineralization microbial biomass and rice yield in submerged soils
topic crop residues
nitrogen
mineralization
biomass
yields
flooded soils
growth
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/167333
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AT chalifourfp cropresidueeffectsonnitrogenmineralizationmicrobialbiomassandriceyieldinsubmergedsoils
AT ladhajk cropresidueeffectsonnitrogenmineralizationmicrobialbiomassandriceyieldinsubmergedsoils