Relative effects of ammonia and nitrite on the germination and early growth of aerobic rice
Recent studies have documented adverse affects of urea on the establishment and growth of aerobic rice when applied at seeding. The following experiments were conducted to examine the relative importance of ammonia and nitrite (NO$ _2^- $) toxicities as mechanisms contributing to poor germination an...
| Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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| Formato: | Journal Article |
| Lenguaje: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Wiley
2011
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/165918 |
| _version_ | 1855537363850100736 |
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| author | Haden, Van R. Xiang, Jing Peng, Shaobing Bouman, Bas A.M. Visperas, Romeo M. Ketterings, Quirine M. Hobbs, Peter Duxbury, John M. |
| author_browse | Bouman, Bas A.M. Duxbury, John M. Haden, Van R. Hobbs, Peter Ketterings, Quirine M. Peng, Shaobing Visperas, Romeo M. Xiang, Jing |
| author_facet | Haden, Van R. Xiang, Jing Peng, Shaobing Bouman, Bas A.M. Visperas, Romeo M. Ketterings, Quirine M. Hobbs, Peter Duxbury, John M. |
| author_sort | Haden, Van R. |
| collection | Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace) |
| description | Recent studies have documented adverse affects of urea on the establishment and growth of aerobic rice when applied at seeding. The following experiments were conducted to examine the relative importance of ammonia and nitrite (NO$ _2^- $) toxicities as mechanisms contributing to poor germination and early growth of aerobic rice. Soil was collected from an experiment in the Philippines where aerobic rice was grown continuously for 7 years. Subsamples of the soil were: (1) pretreated with sulfuric acid (0.5 M H2SO4 added at 75 mL kg–1), (2) oven‐heated at 120°C for 12 h, or (3) left untreated. In a greenhouse study N was applied to the untreated, acidified, and oven‐heated soils as either urea or ammonium sulfate (0.0 or 0.3 g N kg–1). Plant height, root length, total biomass, and number of seminal roots were evaluated after 10 d. Microdiffusion incubations were used to assess the effects of soil pretreatment, N source, and N rate (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 g N kg–1) on ammonia (NH3) volatilization and germination. Nitrite incubations were conducted to establish a critical level for NO$ _2^- $ toxicity and measure the extractable NO$ _2^- $<and germination trends as affected by soil pretreatment, N source, and N rate. On untreated soil, urea reduced early growth and germination while ammonium sulfate caused no adverse effects. Progressively higher rates of urea increased NH3 volatilization and inhibited germination, while oven‐heating and acidification minimized the adverse effects. All treatment combinations (soil pretreatment, N source, N rate) had extractable NO$ _2^- $ levels below the critical level of 0.2 g N kg–1, suggesting that ammonia and not NO$ _2^- $ toxicity was the principal cause of inhibition. Since the risk of NH3 toxicity is highest just following urea hydrolysis, strategies to optimize the timing and placement of urea should be considered. |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | CGSpace165918 |
| institution | CGIAR Consortium |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publishDateRange | 2011 |
| publishDateSort | 2011 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| publisherStr | Wiley |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | CGSpace1659182025-05-14T10:24:25Z Relative effects of ammonia and nitrite on the germination and early growth of aerobic rice Haden, Van R. Xiang, Jing Peng, Shaobing Bouman, Bas A.M. Visperas, Romeo M. Ketterings, Quirine M. Hobbs, Peter Duxbury, John M. acid sulphate soils ammonia ammonium sulphate biomass fertilizers germination hydrolysis inhibition nitrites nitrogen nitrogen fertilizers plant height rice soils roots soil soil types toxicity urea volatilization Recent studies have documented adverse affects of urea on the establishment and growth of aerobic rice when applied at seeding. The following experiments were conducted to examine the relative importance of ammonia and nitrite (NO$ _2^- $) toxicities as mechanisms contributing to poor germination and early growth of aerobic rice. Soil was collected from an experiment in the Philippines where aerobic rice was grown continuously for 7 years. Subsamples of the soil were: (1) pretreated with sulfuric acid (0.5 M H2SO4 added at 75 mL kg–1), (2) oven‐heated at 120°C for 12 h, or (3) left untreated. In a greenhouse study N was applied to the untreated, acidified, and oven‐heated soils as either urea or ammonium sulfate (0.0 or 0.3 g N kg–1). Plant height, root length, total biomass, and number of seminal roots were evaluated after 10 d. Microdiffusion incubations were used to assess the effects of soil pretreatment, N source, and N rate (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 g N kg–1) on ammonia (NH3) volatilization and germination. Nitrite incubations were conducted to establish a critical level for NO$ _2^- $ toxicity and measure the extractable NO$ _2^- $<and germination trends as affected by soil pretreatment, N source, and N rate. On untreated soil, urea reduced early growth and germination while ammonium sulfate caused no adverse effects. Progressively higher rates of urea increased NH3 volatilization and inhibited germination, while oven‐heating and acidification minimized the adverse effects. All treatment combinations (soil pretreatment, N source, N rate) had extractable NO$ _2^- $ levels below the critical level of 0.2 g N kg–1, suggesting that ammonia and not NO$ _2^- $ toxicity was the principal cause of inhibition. Since the risk of NH3 toxicity is highest just following urea hydrolysis, strategies to optimize the timing and placement of urea should be considered. 2011-04 2024-12-19T12:55:38Z 2024-12-19T12:55:38Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/165918 en Wiley Haden, Van R.; Xiang, Jing; Peng, Shaobing; Bouman, Bas A. M.; Visperas, Romeo; Ketterings, Quirine M.; Hobbs, Peter and Duxbury, John M. 2011. Relative effects of ammonia and nitrite on the germination and early growth of aerobic rice. Z. Pflanzenernähr. Bodenk., Volume 174 no. 2 p. 292-300 |
| spellingShingle | acid sulphate soils ammonia ammonium sulphate biomass fertilizers germination hydrolysis inhibition nitrites nitrogen nitrogen fertilizers plant height rice soils roots soil soil types toxicity urea volatilization Haden, Van R. Xiang, Jing Peng, Shaobing Bouman, Bas A.M. Visperas, Romeo M. Ketterings, Quirine M. Hobbs, Peter Duxbury, John M. Relative effects of ammonia and nitrite on the germination and early growth of aerobic rice |
| title | Relative effects of ammonia and nitrite on the germination and early growth of aerobic rice |
| title_full | Relative effects of ammonia and nitrite on the germination and early growth of aerobic rice |
| title_fullStr | Relative effects of ammonia and nitrite on the germination and early growth of aerobic rice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Relative effects of ammonia and nitrite on the germination and early growth of aerobic rice |
| title_short | Relative effects of ammonia and nitrite on the germination and early growth of aerobic rice |
| title_sort | relative effects of ammonia and nitrite on the germination and early growth of aerobic rice |
| topic | acid sulphate soils ammonia ammonium sulphate biomass fertilizers germination hydrolysis inhibition nitrites nitrogen nitrogen fertilizers plant height rice soils roots soil soil types toxicity urea volatilization |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/165918 |
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