Confirmation of chloride deficiency as the cause of leaf spotting in durum wheat grown in the Australian northern grains region
During the 2007 winter cropping season in Australia, severe leaf-spotting (necrosis) symptoms resembling chloride (Cl–) deficiency found in North America were reported in the newly released durum wheat variety Jandaroi. Testing for bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens all proved negative. Four Aust...
| Autores principales: | , , |
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| Formato: | Journal Article |
| Lenguaje: | Inglés |
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Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
2015
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| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/165443 |
| _version_ | 1855535946990092288 |
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| author | Schwenke, G.D. Simpfendorfer, S.R. Collard, B. C. Y. |
| author_browse | Collard, B. C. Y. Schwenke, G.D. Simpfendorfer, S.R. |
| author_facet | Schwenke, G.D. Simpfendorfer, S.R. Collard, B. C. Y. |
| author_sort | Schwenke, G.D. |
| collection | Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace) |
| description | During the 2007 winter cropping season in Australia, severe leaf-spotting (necrosis) symptoms resembling chloride (Cl–) deficiency found in North America were reported in the newly released durum wheat variety Jandaroi. Testing for bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens all proved negative. Four Australian durum and four Australian bread wheat varieties were grown, along with a North American variety of each, in a glasshouse experiment using a sterile sand–vermiculite mix and nutrient solutions containing 0 (nil), 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 mm Cl–. When grown in the nil Cl– solution, all durum and some bread wheat varieties produced leaf-spotting symptoms the same as observed in the field. Nil Cl– also delayed flowering, reduced biomass, decreased grain size, and depressed grain yield in most durum and bread wheat varieties. In field experiments, additions of Cl– fertiliser as KCl at sowing provided no biomass or yield response from a range of wheat varieties, probably because the plants accessed sufficient Cl– from below 0.9 m depth in the soil. Chloride concentrations in whole-plant tissue sampled at head emergence suggested that unfertilised plants were borderline deficient in Cl– according to critical values established in North America. An in-crop foliar Cl– application experiment showed linear uptake of applied Cl–, as MgCl2, until the end of tillering. However, because leaf-spotting symptoms typically appear only after tillering, it is not possible to correct Cl– deficiency by adding Cl– fertiliser to the affected crop after symptoms appear. Managing Cl– in susceptible crops therefore needs to be preventative rather than curative. Among commercial varieties, Jandaroi was highly sensitive to low Cl–, Caparoi was moderately sensitive, and EGA Bellaroi was tolerant. Several elite durum breeding lines grown in 2010 showed considerably reduced leaf spotting compared with Jandaroi under low Cl– conditions, indicating potential for conventional breeding to reduce the potential impact of low Cl– soils on durum production in northern Australia. |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | CGSpace165443 |
| institution | CGIAR Consortium |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publishDateRange | 2015 |
| publishDateSort | 2015 |
| publisher | Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation |
| publisherStr | Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | CGSpace1654432025-12-08T10:29:22Z Confirmation of chloride deficiency as the cause of leaf spotting in durum wheat grown in the Australian northern grains region Schwenke, G.D. Simpfendorfer, S.R. Collard, B. C. Y. chlorides yields varieties flowering growth nutrient deficiencies potassium chloride soil fertility tillering wheat During the 2007 winter cropping season in Australia, severe leaf-spotting (necrosis) symptoms resembling chloride (Cl–) deficiency found in North America were reported in the newly released durum wheat variety Jandaroi. Testing for bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens all proved negative. Four Australian durum and four Australian bread wheat varieties were grown, along with a North American variety of each, in a glasshouse experiment using a sterile sand–vermiculite mix and nutrient solutions containing 0 (nil), 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 mm Cl–. When grown in the nil Cl– solution, all durum and some bread wheat varieties produced leaf-spotting symptoms the same as observed in the field. Nil Cl– also delayed flowering, reduced biomass, decreased grain size, and depressed grain yield in most durum and bread wheat varieties. In field experiments, additions of Cl– fertiliser as KCl at sowing provided no biomass or yield response from a range of wheat varieties, probably because the plants accessed sufficient Cl– from below 0.9 m depth in the soil. Chloride concentrations in whole-plant tissue sampled at head emergence suggested that unfertilised plants were borderline deficient in Cl– according to critical values established in North America. An in-crop foliar Cl– application experiment showed linear uptake of applied Cl–, as MgCl2, until the end of tillering. However, because leaf-spotting symptoms typically appear only after tillering, it is not possible to correct Cl– deficiency by adding Cl– fertiliser to the affected crop after symptoms appear. Managing Cl– in susceptible crops therefore needs to be preventative rather than curative. Among commercial varieties, Jandaroi was highly sensitive to low Cl–, Caparoi was moderately sensitive, and EGA Bellaroi was tolerant. Several elite durum breeding lines grown in 2010 showed considerably reduced leaf spotting compared with Jandaroi under low Cl– conditions, indicating potential for conventional breeding to reduce the potential impact of low Cl– soils on durum production in northern Australia. 2015 2024-12-19T12:55:04Z 2024-12-19T12:55:04Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/165443 en Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Schwenke, G. D.; Simpfendorfer, S. R. and Collard, B. C. Y. 2015. Confirmation of chloride deficiency as the cause of leaf spotting in durum wheat grown in the Australian northern grains region. Crop Pasture Sci., Volume 66 no. 2 p. 122 |
| spellingShingle | chlorides yields varieties flowering growth nutrient deficiencies potassium chloride soil fertility tillering wheat Schwenke, G.D. Simpfendorfer, S.R. Collard, B. C. Y. Confirmation of chloride deficiency as the cause of leaf spotting in durum wheat grown in the Australian northern grains region |
| title | Confirmation of chloride deficiency as the cause of leaf spotting in durum wheat grown in the Australian northern grains region |
| title_full | Confirmation of chloride deficiency as the cause of leaf spotting in durum wheat grown in the Australian northern grains region |
| title_fullStr | Confirmation of chloride deficiency as the cause of leaf spotting in durum wheat grown in the Australian northern grains region |
| title_full_unstemmed | Confirmation of chloride deficiency as the cause of leaf spotting in durum wheat grown in the Australian northern grains region |
| title_short | Confirmation of chloride deficiency as the cause of leaf spotting in durum wheat grown in the Australian northern grains region |
| title_sort | confirmation of chloride deficiency as the cause of leaf spotting in durum wheat grown in the australian northern grains region |
| topic | chlorides yields varieties flowering growth nutrient deficiencies potassium chloride soil fertility tillering wheat |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/165443 |
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