Global nitrogen budgets in cereals: A 50-year assessment for maize, rice, and wheat production systems
Industrially produced N-fertilizer is essential to the production of cereals that supports current and projected human populations. We constructed a top-down global N budget for maize, rice and wheat for a 50-year period (1961 to 2010). Cereals harvested a total of 1551 Tg of N, of which 48% was sup...
| Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Formato: | Journal Article |
| Lenguaje: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Springer
2016
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| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/165310 |
| _version_ | 1855540578512535552 |
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| author | Ladha, J.K. Tirol-Padre, A. Reddy, C.K. Cassman, K.G. Verma, Sudhir Powlson, D.S. van Kessel, C. de B. Richter, Daniel Chakraborty, Debashis Pathak, Himanshu |
| author_browse | Cassman, K.G. Chakraborty, Debashis Ladha, J.K. Pathak, Himanshu Powlson, D.S. Reddy, C.K. Tirol-Padre, A. Verma, Sudhir de B. Richter, Daniel van Kessel, C. |
| author_facet | Ladha, J.K. Tirol-Padre, A. Reddy, C.K. Cassman, K.G. Verma, Sudhir Powlson, D.S. van Kessel, C. de B. Richter, Daniel Chakraborty, Debashis Pathak, Himanshu |
| author_sort | Ladha, J.K. |
| collection | Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace) |
| description | Industrially produced N-fertilizer is essential to the production of cereals that supports current and projected human populations. We constructed a top-down global N budget for maize, rice and wheat for a 50-year period (1961 to 2010). Cereals harvested a total of 1551 Tg of N, of which 48% was supplied through fertilizer-N and 4% came from net soil depletion. An estimated 48% (737 Tg) of crop N, equal to 29, 38 and 25 kg ha−1 yr−1for maize, rice and wheat, respectively, is contributed by sources other than fertilizer- or soil-N. Non-symbiotic N2fixation appears to be the major source of this N, which is 370 Tg or 24% of total N in the crop, corresponding to 13, 22 and 13 kg ha−1 yr−1for maize, rice and wheat, respectively. Manure (217 Tg or 14%) and atmospheric deposition (96 Tg or 6%) are the other sources of N. Crop residues and seed contribute marginally. Our scaling-down approach to estimate the contribution of non-symbiotic N2fixation is robust because it focuses on global quantities of N in sources and sinks that are easier to estimate, in contrast to estimating N losses per se, because losses are highly soil-, climate- and crop-specific. |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | CGSpace165310 |
| institution | CGIAR Consortium |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateRange | 2016 |
| publishDateSort | 2016 |
| publisher | Springer |
| publisherStr | Springer |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | CGSpace1653102025-05-14T10:40:00Z Global nitrogen budgets in cereals: A 50-year assessment for maize, rice, and wheat production systems Ladha, J.K. Tirol-Padre, A. Reddy, C.K. Cassman, K.G. Verma, Sudhir Powlson, D.S. van Kessel, C. de B. Richter, Daniel Chakraborty, Debashis Pathak, Himanshu Industrially produced N-fertilizer is essential to the production of cereals that supports current and projected human populations. We constructed a top-down global N budget for maize, rice and wheat for a 50-year period (1961 to 2010). Cereals harvested a total of 1551 Tg of N, of which 48% was supplied through fertilizer-N and 4% came from net soil depletion. An estimated 48% (737 Tg) of crop N, equal to 29, 38 and 25 kg ha−1 yr−1for maize, rice and wheat, respectively, is contributed by sources other than fertilizer- or soil-N. Non-symbiotic N2fixation appears to be the major source of this N, which is 370 Tg or 24% of total N in the crop, corresponding to 13, 22 and 13 kg ha−1 yr−1for maize, rice and wheat, respectively. Manure (217 Tg or 14%) and atmospheric deposition (96 Tg or 6%) are the other sources of N. Crop residues and seed contribute marginally. Our scaling-down approach to estimate the contribution of non-symbiotic N2fixation is robust because it focuses on global quantities of N in sources and sinks that are easier to estimate, in contrast to estimating N losses per se, because losses are highly soil-, climate- and crop-specific. 2016-01-18 2024-12-19T12:54:56Z 2024-12-19T12:54:56Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/165310 en Open Access Springer Ladha, J. K.; Tirol-Padre, A.; Reddy, C. K.; Cassman, K. G.; Verma, Sudhir; Powlson, D. S.; van Kessel, C.; de B. Richter, Daniel; Chakraborty, Debashis and Pathak, Himanshu. 2016. Global nitrogen budgets in cereals: A 50-year assessment for maize, rice, and wheat production systems. Sci Rep, Volume 6, no. 1 |
| spellingShingle | Ladha, J.K. Tirol-Padre, A. Reddy, C.K. Cassman, K.G. Verma, Sudhir Powlson, D.S. van Kessel, C. de B. Richter, Daniel Chakraborty, Debashis Pathak, Himanshu Global nitrogen budgets in cereals: A 50-year assessment for maize, rice, and wheat production systems |
| title | Global nitrogen budgets in cereals: A 50-year assessment for maize, rice, and wheat production systems |
| title_full | Global nitrogen budgets in cereals: A 50-year assessment for maize, rice, and wheat production systems |
| title_fullStr | Global nitrogen budgets in cereals: A 50-year assessment for maize, rice, and wheat production systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | Global nitrogen budgets in cereals: A 50-year assessment for maize, rice, and wheat production systems |
| title_short | Global nitrogen budgets in cereals: A 50-year assessment for maize, rice, and wheat production systems |
| title_sort | global nitrogen budgets in cereals a 50 year assessment for maize rice and wheat production systems |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/165310 |
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