Land gradient and configuration effects on yield, irrigation amount and irrigation water productivity in rice-wheat and maize-wheat cropping systems in Eastern India
Laser land levelling is expanding rapidly in the rice-wheat (RW) and maize-wheat (MW) systems of the IndoGangetic Plains of India and Pakistan. Current practice is to level to zero (0%) gradient, whereas a small gradient (e.g. 0.1%) is typically used in developed countries. Therefore, experiments we...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | Inglés |
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Elsevier
2021
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/164201 |
| _version_ | 1855515378567872512 |
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| author | Devkota, Krishna Prasad Yadav, Sudhir Humphreys, E. Kumar, Akhilesh Kumar, Pankaj Kumar, Virender Malik, R.K. Srivastava, Amit K. |
| author_browse | Devkota, Krishna Prasad Humphreys, E. Kumar, Akhilesh Kumar, Pankaj Kumar, Virender Malik, R.K. Srivastava, Amit K. Yadav, Sudhir |
| author_facet | Devkota, Krishna Prasad Yadav, Sudhir Humphreys, E. Kumar, Akhilesh Kumar, Pankaj Kumar, Virender Malik, R.K. Srivastava, Amit K. |
| author_sort | Devkota, Krishna Prasad |
| collection | Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace) |
| description | Laser land levelling is expanding rapidly in the rice-wheat (RW) and maize-wheat (MW) systems of the IndoGangetic Plains of India and Pakistan. Current practice is to level to zero (0%) gradient, whereas a small gradient (e.g. 0.1%) is typically used in developed countries. Therefore, experiments were conducted in farmers' plots (-15 m x 40 m) in the Eastern Gangetic Plains to evaluate laser levelling with a 0.1% gradient in comparison with 0% and farmer levelling practice (FL). The study was conducted over two years in RW and MW systems. In the MW system, raised beds in plots lasered with 0% and 0.1% gradients were also evaluated. Laser levelling with 0% gradient significantly reduced irrigation amount and/or increased irrigation water productivity (WPi) in all crops/systems grown on the flat compared to FL except for wheat in the MW system. While there was a consistent trend for higher yield with a 0% gradient compared with FL, the differences were not significant in any crop/system. For the RW system, the results suggest no to marginal benefits in irrigation amount and WPi from levelling with a 0.1% gradient in comparison with 0% gradient. In that system, by far the bigger gains were from changing from FL to laser levelling with 0% gradient. This resulted in substantial reductions in irrigation amount, which greatly increased WPi in both crops (by -40%), while yield was not affected. Rice grown with FL was not profitable, but lasering with 0% gradient significantly increased gross margin for rice, wheat and the total RW system. As for the RW system, levelling to 0% with a flat configuration significantly increased WPi of both crops in the MW system compared to FL, but by a lesser proportion. Raised beds significantly increased yield of maize by 8% (0.5 t ha-1), reduced irrigation amount by 20% (40 mm) and increased WPi by 34% (1.0 kg m-3) in comparison with the laser levelled flat plots. Gross margin of the MW system on beds was 17-20% higher than FL, and gross margin with beds on a 0.1% gradient was significantly higher than either gradient on the flat. The results suggest that the gains from levelling with a 0.1% gradient compared to 0% are marginal; however, this may change if the goal of consolidation of small farmer plots into larger fields becomes a reality provided there is a proportionate increase in irrigation flow rates, and ability to drain |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | CGSpace164201 |
| institution | CGIAR Consortium |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| publisherStr | Elsevier |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | CGSpace1642012025-02-19T14:24:24Z Land gradient and configuration effects on yield, irrigation amount and irrigation water productivity in rice-wheat and maize-wheat cropping systems in Eastern India Devkota, Krishna Prasad Yadav, Sudhir Humphreys, E. Kumar, Akhilesh Kumar, Pankaj Kumar, Virender Malik, R.K. Srivastava, Amit K. agronomy crop science earth-surface processes soil science water science and technology Laser land levelling is expanding rapidly in the rice-wheat (RW) and maize-wheat (MW) systems of the IndoGangetic Plains of India and Pakistan. Current practice is to level to zero (0%) gradient, whereas a small gradient (e.g. 0.1%) is typically used in developed countries. Therefore, experiments were conducted in farmers' plots (-15 m x 40 m) in the Eastern Gangetic Plains to evaluate laser levelling with a 0.1% gradient in comparison with 0% and farmer levelling practice (FL). The study was conducted over two years in RW and MW systems. In the MW system, raised beds in plots lasered with 0% and 0.1% gradients were also evaluated. Laser levelling with 0% gradient significantly reduced irrigation amount and/or increased irrigation water productivity (WPi) in all crops/systems grown on the flat compared to FL except for wheat in the MW system. While there was a consistent trend for higher yield with a 0% gradient compared with FL, the differences were not significant in any crop/system. For the RW system, the results suggest no to marginal benefits in irrigation amount and WPi from levelling with a 0.1% gradient in comparison with 0% gradient. In that system, by far the bigger gains were from changing from FL to laser levelling with 0% gradient. This resulted in substantial reductions in irrigation amount, which greatly increased WPi in both crops (by -40%), while yield was not affected. Rice grown with FL was not profitable, but lasering with 0% gradient significantly increased gross margin for rice, wheat and the total RW system. As for the RW system, levelling to 0% with a flat configuration significantly increased WPi of both crops in the MW system compared to FL, but by a lesser proportion. Raised beds significantly increased yield of maize by 8% (0.5 t ha-1), reduced irrigation amount by 20% (40 mm) and increased WPi by 34% (1.0 kg m-3) in comparison with the laser levelled flat plots. Gross margin of the MW system on beds was 17-20% higher than FL, and gross margin with beds on a 0.1% gradient was significantly higher than either gradient on the flat. The results suggest that the gains from levelling with a 0.1% gradient compared to 0% are marginal; however, this may change if the goal of consolidation of small farmer plots into larger fields becomes a reality provided there is a proportionate increase in irrigation flow rates, and ability to drain 2021-09 2024-12-19T12:53:36Z 2024-12-19T12:53:36Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/164201 en Open Access Elsevier Devkota, Krishna Prasad; Yadav, Sudhir; Humphreys, E.; Kumar, Akhilesh; Kumar, Pankaj; Kumar, Virender; Malik, R.K. and Srivastava, Amit K. 2021. Land gradient and configuration effects on yield, irrigation amount and irrigation water productivity in rice-wheat and maize-wheat cropping systems in Eastern India. Agricultural Water Management, Volume 255 p. 107036 |
| spellingShingle | agronomy crop science earth-surface processes soil science water science and technology Devkota, Krishna Prasad Yadav, Sudhir Humphreys, E. Kumar, Akhilesh Kumar, Pankaj Kumar, Virender Malik, R.K. Srivastava, Amit K. Land gradient and configuration effects on yield, irrigation amount and irrigation water productivity in rice-wheat and maize-wheat cropping systems in Eastern India |
| title | Land gradient and configuration effects on yield, irrigation amount and irrigation water productivity in rice-wheat and maize-wheat cropping systems in Eastern India |
| title_full | Land gradient and configuration effects on yield, irrigation amount and irrigation water productivity in rice-wheat and maize-wheat cropping systems in Eastern India |
| title_fullStr | Land gradient and configuration effects on yield, irrigation amount and irrigation water productivity in rice-wheat and maize-wheat cropping systems in Eastern India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Land gradient and configuration effects on yield, irrigation amount and irrigation water productivity in rice-wheat and maize-wheat cropping systems in Eastern India |
| title_short | Land gradient and configuration effects on yield, irrigation amount and irrigation water productivity in rice-wheat and maize-wheat cropping systems in Eastern India |
| title_sort | land gradient and configuration effects on yield irrigation amount and irrigation water productivity in rice wheat and maize wheat cropping systems in eastern india |
| topic | agronomy crop science earth-surface processes soil science water science and technology |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/164201 |
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