Adaptation by the brown planthopper to resistant rice: A test of female-derived virulence and the role of yeast-like symbionts

The adaptation by planthoppers to feed and develop on resistant rice is a challenge for pest management in Asia. We conducted a series of manipulative experiments with the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)) on the resistant rice variety IR62 (BPH3/BPH32 genes) to assess behavioral and bio...

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Autores principales: Horgan, Finbarr G., Peñalver Cruz, Ainara, Arida, Arriza, Ferrater, Jedeliza B., Bernal, Carmencita C.
Formato: Journal Article
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/164185
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author Horgan, Finbarr G.
Peñalver Cruz, Ainara
Arida, Arriza
Ferrater, Jedeliza B.
Bernal, Carmencita C.
author_browse Arida, Arriza
Bernal, Carmencita C.
Ferrater, Jedeliza B.
Horgan, Finbarr G.
Peñalver Cruz, Ainara
author_facet Horgan, Finbarr G.
Peñalver Cruz, Ainara
Arida, Arriza
Ferrater, Jedeliza B.
Bernal, Carmencita C.
author_sort Horgan, Finbarr G.
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description The adaptation by planthoppers to feed and develop on resistant rice is a challenge for pest management in Asia. We conducted a series of manipulative experiments with the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)) on the resistant rice variety IR62 (BPH3/BPH32 genes) to assess behavioral and bionomic changes in planthoppers exhibiting virulence adaptation. We also examined the potential role of yeast-like symbionts (YLS) in virulence adaptation by assessing progeny fitness (survival × reproduction) following controlled matings between virulent males or females and avirulent males or females, and by manipulating YLS densities in progeny through heat treatment. We found virulence-adapted planthoppers developed faster, grew larger, had adults that survived for longer, had female-biased progeny, and produced more eggs than non-selected planthoppers on the resistant variety. However, feeding capacity—as revealed through honeydew composition—remained inefficient on IR62, even after 20+ generations of exposure to the resistant host. Virulence was derived from both the male and female parents; however, females contributed more than males to progeny virulence. We found that YLS are essential for normal planthopper development and densities are highest in virulent nymphs feeding on the resistant host; however, we found only weak evidence that YLS densities contributed more to virulence. Virulence against IR62 in the brown planthopper, therefore, involves a complex of traits that encompass a series of behavioral, physiological, and genetic mechanisms, some of which are determined only by the female parent.
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spelling CGSpace1641852024-12-22T05:44:57Z Adaptation by the brown planthopper to resistant rice: A test of female-derived virulence and the role of yeast-like symbionts Horgan, Finbarr G. Peñalver Cruz, Ainara Arida, Arriza Ferrater, Jedeliza B. Bernal, Carmencita C. insect science The adaptation by planthoppers to feed and develop on resistant rice is a challenge for pest management in Asia. We conducted a series of manipulative experiments with the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)) on the resistant rice variety IR62 (BPH3/BPH32 genes) to assess behavioral and bionomic changes in planthoppers exhibiting virulence adaptation. We also examined the potential role of yeast-like symbionts (YLS) in virulence adaptation by assessing progeny fitness (survival × reproduction) following controlled matings between virulent males or females and avirulent males or females, and by manipulating YLS densities in progeny through heat treatment. We found virulence-adapted planthoppers developed faster, grew larger, had adults that survived for longer, had female-biased progeny, and produced more eggs than non-selected planthoppers on the resistant variety. However, feeding capacity—as revealed through honeydew composition—remained inefficient on IR62, even after 20+ generations of exposure to the resistant host. Virulence was derived from both the male and female parents; however, females contributed more than males to progeny virulence. We found that YLS are essential for normal planthopper development and densities are highest in virulent nymphs feeding on the resistant host; however, we found only weak evidence that YLS densities contributed more to virulence. Virulence against IR62 in the brown planthopper, therefore, involves a complex of traits that encompass a series of behavioral, physiological, and genetic mechanisms, some of which are determined only by the female parent. 2021-10-06 2024-12-19T12:53:35Z 2024-12-19T12:53:35Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/164185 en Open Access MDPI Horgan, Finbarr G.; Peñalver Cruz, Ainara; Arida, Arriza; Ferrater, Jedeliza B. and Bernal, Carmencita C. 2021. Adaptation by the brown planthopper to resistant rice: A test of female-derived virulence and the role of yeast-like symbionts. Insects, Volume 12 no. 10 p. 908
spellingShingle insect science
Horgan, Finbarr G.
Peñalver Cruz, Ainara
Arida, Arriza
Ferrater, Jedeliza B.
Bernal, Carmencita C.
Adaptation by the brown planthopper to resistant rice: A test of female-derived virulence and the role of yeast-like symbionts
title Adaptation by the brown planthopper to resistant rice: A test of female-derived virulence and the role of yeast-like symbionts
title_full Adaptation by the brown planthopper to resistant rice: A test of female-derived virulence and the role of yeast-like symbionts
title_fullStr Adaptation by the brown planthopper to resistant rice: A test of female-derived virulence and the role of yeast-like symbionts
title_full_unstemmed Adaptation by the brown planthopper to resistant rice: A test of female-derived virulence and the role of yeast-like symbionts
title_short Adaptation by the brown planthopper to resistant rice: A test of female-derived virulence and the role of yeast-like symbionts
title_sort adaptation by the brown planthopper to resistant rice a test of female derived virulence and the role of yeast like symbionts
topic insect science
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/164185
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