Tribes, state, and technology adoption in arid land management, Syria

Arid shrub-lands in Syria and elsewhere in West Asia and North Africa are widely thought degraded. Characteristic of these areas is a preponderance of unpalatable shrubs or a lack of overall ground cover with a rise in the associated risks of soil erosion. Migrating pastoralists have been the scapeg...

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Autores principales: Rae, Jonathan, Arab, Georges, Nordblom, Thomas, Jani, K., Gintzburger, Gustave
Formato: Artículo preliminar
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: International Food Policy Research Institute 2001
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/156710
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author Rae, Jonathan
Arab, Georges
Nordblom, Thomas
Jani, K.
Gintzburger, Gustave
author_browse Arab, Georges
Gintzburger, Gustave
Jani, K.
Nordblom, Thomas
Rae, Jonathan
author_facet Rae, Jonathan
Arab, Georges
Nordblom, Thomas
Jani, K.
Gintzburger, Gustave
author_sort Rae, Jonathan
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description Arid shrub-lands in Syria and elsewhere in West Asia and North Africa are widely thought degraded. Characteristic of these areas is a preponderance of unpalatable shrubs or a lack of overall ground cover with a rise in the associated risks of soil erosion. Migrating pastoralists have been the scapegoats for this condition of the range. State steppe interventions of the last forty years have reflected this with programs to supplant customary systems with structures and institutions promoting western grazing systems and technologies. Principal amongst the latter has been shrub technology, particularly Atriplex species, for use in land rehabilitation and as a fodder reserve. This paper deconstructs state steppe policy in Syria by examining the overlap and interface of government and customary legal systems as a factor in the history of shrub technology transfer in the Syrian steppe. It is argued that the link made between signs of degradation and perceived moribund customary systems is not at all causal. Indeed, customary systems are found to be adaptive and resilient, and a strong influence on steppe management and the fate of technology transfer initiatives. Furthermore, developments in rangeland ecology raise questions about claims for grazing-induced degradation and call for a reinterpretation of recent shifts in vegetation on the Syrian steppe. Given the ineffectiveness of past state interventions, and in view of renewed understanding of customary systems and rangeland ecology, decentralization and some devolution of formal management responsibility is likely to be a viable and an attractive option for policymakers.
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spelling CGSpace1567102025-01-10T06:37:47Z Tribes, state, and technology adoption in arid land management, Syria Rae, Jonathan Arab, Georges Nordblom, Thomas Jani, K. Gintzburger, Gustave arid soils scrublands environmental degradation cover plants soil degradation erosion steppes pastoral systems state intervention grazing systems technology transfer rangelands Arid shrub-lands in Syria and elsewhere in West Asia and North Africa are widely thought degraded. Characteristic of these areas is a preponderance of unpalatable shrubs or a lack of overall ground cover with a rise in the associated risks of soil erosion. Migrating pastoralists have been the scapegoats for this condition of the range. State steppe interventions of the last forty years have reflected this with programs to supplant customary systems with structures and institutions promoting western grazing systems and technologies. Principal amongst the latter has been shrub technology, particularly Atriplex species, for use in land rehabilitation and as a fodder reserve. This paper deconstructs state steppe policy in Syria by examining the overlap and interface of government and customary legal systems as a factor in the history of shrub technology transfer in the Syrian steppe. It is argued that the link made between signs of degradation and perceived moribund customary systems is not at all causal. Indeed, customary systems are found to be adaptive and resilient, and a strong influence on steppe management and the fate of technology transfer initiatives. Furthermore, developments in rangeland ecology raise questions about claims for grazing-induced degradation and call for a reinterpretation of recent shifts in vegetation on the Syrian steppe. Given the ineffectiveness of past state interventions, and in view of renewed understanding of customary systems and rangeland ecology, decentralization and some devolution of formal management responsibility is likely to be a viable and an attractive option for policymakers. 2001 2024-10-24T12:45:11Z 2024-10-24T12:45:11Z Working Paper https://hdl.handle.net/10568/156710 en Open Access application/pdf International Food Policy Research Institute Rae, Jonathan; Arab, Georges; Nordblom, Thomas; Jani, K.; Gintzburger, Gustave. 2001. Tribes, state, and technology adoption in arid land management, Syria. CAPRi working paper 0015. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/156710
spellingShingle arid soils
scrublands
environmental degradation
cover plants
soil degradation
erosion
steppes
pastoral systems
state intervention
grazing systems
technology transfer
rangelands
Rae, Jonathan
Arab, Georges
Nordblom, Thomas
Jani, K.
Gintzburger, Gustave
Tribes, state, and technology adoption in arid land management, Syria
title Tribes, state, and technology adoption in arid land management, Syria
title_full Tribes, state, and technology adoption in arid land management, Syria
title_fullStr Tribes, state, and technology adoption in arid land management, Syria
title_full_unstemmed Tribes, state, and technology adoption in arid land management, Syria
title_short Tribes, state, and technology adoption in arid land management, Syria
title_sort tribes state and technology adoption in arid land management syria
topic arid soils
scrublands
environmental degradation
cover plants
soil degradation
erosion
steppes
pastoral systems
state intervention
grazing systems
technology transfer
rangelands
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/156710
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AT janik tribesstateandtechnologyadoptioninaridlandmanagementsyria
AT gintzburgergustave tribesstateandtechnologyadoptioninaridlandmanagementsyria