The relationship of preterm and small for gestational age with child cognition during school-age years
Background Children born preterm and/or small for gestational age (SGA) are at increased risk of poor cognitive outcomes, particularly in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Objectives This study aimed to examine the cognitive and academic deficits during the school-age years in children born...
| Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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| Formato: | Journal Article |
| Lenguaje: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Elsevier
2024
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/151827 |
| _version_ | 1855532943323168768 |
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| author | Nguyen, Phuong Thi Nguyen, Phuong Hong Tran, Lan Mai Khuong, Long Quynh Nguyen, Son Van Young, Melissa F. DiGirolamo, Ann Ramakrishnan, Usha |
| author_browse | DiGirolamo, Ann Khuong, Long Quynh Nguyen, Phuong Hong Nguyen, Phuong Thi Nguyen, Son Van Ramakrishnan, Usha Tran, Lan Mai Young, Melissa F. |
| author_facet | Nguyen, Phuong Thi Nguyen, Phuong Hong Tran, Lan Mai Khuong, Long Quynh Nguyen, Son Van Young, Melissa F. DiGirolamo, Ann Ramakrishnan, Usha |
| author_sort | Nguyen, Phuong Thi |
| collection | Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace) |
| description | Background
Children born preterm and/or small for gestational age (SGA) are at increased risk of poor cognitive outcomes, particularly in low and middle-income countries (LMICs).
Objectives
This study aimed to examine the cognitive and academic deficits during the school-age years in children born preterm or SGA compared with those in children born term adequate for gestational age (AGA) in rural Vietnam.
Methods
Children born to women in a preconception micronutrient supplementation trial in Vietnam were classified into 3 groups: preterm AGA (n =138), term SGA (n =169), and term AGA (n = 1134). Cognitive abilities were assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, measuring 4 domains [verbal comprehension index (VCI), perceptual reasoning index (PRI), working memory index (WMI), and processing speed index (PSI) scores] and full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) at 6–7 and 10–11 y. Academic achievement was assessed with mathematic and language tests. Analysis of variance and multiple regression models were used to analyze differences in cognitive function and academic achievement at 6–7 and 10–11 y by birth phenotypes.
Results
Compared with term AGA children, those born SGA had lower cognitive scores at both 6–7 y (VCI, −2.3; PRI, −3.7; PSI −2.1; and FSIQ, −2.9) and 10–11 y (VCI, −3.7; PRI, −3.5; WMI, −2.7; PSI, −1.9; and FSIQ, −3.9). Children born SGA also had poorer academic achievement with lower language (5.3) and mathematic (2.5) scores. Adjustments for maternal factors and home environment attenuated the associations, but the differences in VCI, PRI, FSIQ, and language at 10–11 y remained significant. There were no differences in cognitive function and academic achievement between children born preterm and AGA.
Conclusions
Our findings highlight the enduring association of birth phenotype on cognitive functioning and academic achievement during the school years, despite adjustments for maternal education and family environment. Further research is needed to implement effective interventions to improve birth outcomes and optimize child health and development in LMICs.
The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01665378 (URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01665378). |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | CGSpace151827 |
| institution | CGIAR Consortium |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publishDateRange | 2024 |
| publishDateSort | 2024 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| publisherStr | Elsevier |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | CGSpace1518272025-12-08T10:11:39Z The relationship of preterm and small for gestational age with child cognition during school-age years Nguyen, Phuong Thi Nguyen, Phuong Hong Tran, Lan Mai Khuong, Long Quynh Nguyen, Son Van Young, Melissa F. DiGirolamo, Ann Ramakrishnan, Usha birth weight child development gestation period prematurity schoolchildren Background Children born preterm and/or small for gestational age (SGA) are at increased risk of poor cognitive outcomes, particularly in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Objectives This study aimed to examine the cognitive and academic deficits during the school-age years in children born preterm or SGA compared with those in children born term adequate for gestational age (AGA) in rural Vietnam. Methods Children born to women in a preconception micronutrient supplementation trial in Vietnam were classified into 3 groups: preterm AGA (n =138), term SGA (n =169), and term AGA (n = 1134). Cognitive abilities were assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, measuring 4 domains [verbal comprehension index (VCI), perceptual reasoning index (PRI), working memory index (WMI), and processing speed index (PSI) scores] and full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) at 6–7 and 10–11 y. Academic achievement was assessed with mathematic and language tests. Analysis of variance and multiple regression models were used to analyze differences in cognitive function and academic achievement at 6–7 and 10–11 y by birth phenotypes. Results Compared with term AGA children, those born SGA had lower cognitive scores at both 6–7 y (VCI, −2.3; PRI, −3.7; PSI −2.1; and FSIQ, −2.9) and 10–11 y (VCI, −3.7; PRI, −3.5; WMI, −2.7; PSI, −1.9; and FSIQ, −3.9). Children born SGA also had poorer academic achievement with lower language (5.3) and mathematic (2.5) scores. Adjustments for maternal factors and home environment attenuated the associations, but the differences in VCI, PRI, FSIQ, and language at 10–11 y remained significant. There were no differences in cognitive function and academic achievement between children born preterm and AGA. Conclusions Our findings highlight the enduring association of birth phenotype on cognitive functioning and academic achievement during the school years, despite adjustments for maternal education and family environment. Further research is needed to implement effective interventions to improve birth outcomes and optimize child health and development in LMICs. The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01665378 (URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01665378). 2024-08 2024-08-23T15:11:29Z 2024-08-23T15:11:29Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/151827 en https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01665378 Open Access Elsevier Nguyen, Phuong Thi; Nguyen, Phuong Hong; Tran, Lan Mai; Khuong, Long Quynh; Nguyen, Son Van; Young, Melissa F.; DiGirolamo, Ann; and Ramakrishnan, Usha. 2024. The Relationship of preterm and small for gestational age with child cognition during school-age years. Journal of Nutrition 154(8): 2590-2598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.06.012 |
| spellingShingle | birth weight child development gestation period prematurity schoolchildren Nguyen, Phuong Thi Nguyen, Phuong Hong Tran, Lan Mai Khuong, Long Quynh Nguyen, Son Van Young, Melissa F. DiGirolamo, Ann Ramakrishnan, Usha The relationship of preterm and small for gestational age with child cognition during school-age years |
| title | The relationship of preterm and small for gestational age with child cognition during school-age years |
| title_full | The relationship of preterm and small for gestational age with child cognition during school-age years |
| title_fullStr | The relationship of preterm and small for gestational age with child cognition during school-age years |
| title_full_unstemmed | The relationship of preterm and small for gestational age with child cognition during school-age years |
| title_short | The relationship of preterm and small for gestational age with child cognition during school-age years |
| title_sort | relationship of preterm and small for gestational age with child cognition during school age years |
| topic | birth weight child development gestation period prematurity schoolchildren |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/151827 |
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