Pakistan’s potential trade and ‘behind the border’ constraints
Institutions are source of comparative advantage or disadvantage in international trade. Socio-economic and political constraints also matter for creating comparative advantage and affect the trade pattern of a country. These diverse ‘beyond the border’ and ‘behind the border’ constraints are often...
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| Formato: | Artículo preliminar |
| Lenguaje: | Inglés |
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International Food Policy Research Institute
2015
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/149947 |
| _version_ | 1855517371984248832 |
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| author | Miankhel, Adil Khan |
| author_browse | Miankhel, Adil Khan |
| author_facet | Miankhel, Adil Khan |
| author_sort | Miankhel, Adil Khan |
| collection | Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace) |
| description | Institutions are source of comparative advantage or disadvantage in international trade. Socio-economic and political constraints also matter for creating comparative advantage and affect the trade pattern of a country. These diverse ‘beyond the border’ and ‘behind the border’ constraints are often not fully captured in the literature on international trade and institutions. The existence of such institutional, socio-economic, and political constraints to Pakistani exports is empirically investigated in this paper through a cross-sec-tional analysis employing a trade Stochastic Frontier Gravity Model. Aggregate data for 2006-08 and 2009-11 show lower exports in the latter period. This is attributed to demand-suppressing effects emanating from the 2008 global financial crisis and supply-suppressing effects emanating from energy shortfalls and input constraints, due to floods, in Pakistan. The model estimation then demonstrates that behind the border con-straints in Pakistan are statistically significant in explaining total exports during 2009-11. The estimation is also presented for four single-digit SIC categories of products for this period. Behind the border constraints are evident for SIC 0 (agriculture, forestry and fish products) and SIC 2 (manufactured products) that com-bined account for approximately 80 percent of Pakistan’s exports. The estimation results by country further demonstrate that behind the border constraints affect the pattern of trade through the non-realization of bilateral trade potential. In the post-financial crisis era, Pakistan needs to further develop its institutional capacity to promote competitive exports given the explicit and implicit beyond the border trade barriers it faces and work to remove political obstacles to regional trade. |
| format | Artículo preliminar |
| id | CGSpace149947 |
| institution | CGIAR Consortium |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publishDateRange | 2015 |
| publishDateSort | 2015 |
| publisher | International Food Policy Research Institute |
| publisherStr | International Food Policy Research Institute |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | CGSpace1499472025-11-06T05:27:04Z Pakistan’s potential trade and ‘behind the border’ constraints Miankhel, Adil Khan exports mathematical models economic development trade stochastic models Institutions are source of comparative advantage or disadvantage in international trade. Socio-economic and political constraints also matter for creating comparative advantage and affect the trade pattern of a country. These diverse ‘beyond the border’ and ‘behind the border’ constraints are often not fully captured in the literature on international trade and institutions. The existence of such institutional, socio-economic, and political constraints to Pakistani exports is empirically investigated in this paper through a cross-sec-tional analysis employing a trade Stochastic Frontier Gravity Model. Aggregate data for 2006-08 and 2009-11 show lower exports in the latter period. This is attributed to demand-suppressing effects emanating from the 2008 global financial crisis and supply-suppressing effects emanating from energy shortfalls and input constraints, due to floods, in Pakistan. The model estimation then demonstrates that behind the border con-straints in Pakistan are statistically significant in explaining total exports during 2009-11. The estimation is also presented for four single-digit SIC categories of products for this period. Behind the border constraints are evident for SIC 0 (agriculture, forestry and fish products) and SIC 2 (manufactured products) that com-bined account for approximately 80 percent of Pakistan’s exports. The estimation results by country further demonstrate that behind the border constraints affect the pattern of trade through the non-realization of bilateral trade potential. In the post-financial crisis era, Pakistan needs to further develop its institutional capacity to promote competitive exports given the explicit and implicit beyond the border trade barriers it faces and work to remove political obstacles to regional trade. 2015-06-12 2024-08-01T02:50:18Z 2024-08-01T02:50:18Z Working Paper https://hdl.handle.net/10568/149947 en Open Access application/pdf International Food Policy Research Institute Miankhel, Adil Khan. 2015. Pakistan’s potential trade and ‘behind the border’ constraints. Pakistan. PSSP Working Paper 31. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/149947 |
| spellingShingle | exports mathematical models economic development trade stochastic models Miankhel, Adil Khan Pakistan’s potential trade and ‘behind the border’ constraints |
| title | Pakistan’s potential trade and ‘behind the border’ constraints |
| title_full | Pakistan’s potential trade and ‘behind the border’ constraints |
| title_fullStr | Pakistan’s potential trade and ‘behind the border’ constraints |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pakistan’s potential trade and ‘behind the border’ constraints |
| title_short | Pakistan’s potential trade and ‘behind the border’ constraints |
| title_sort | pakistan s potential trade and behind the border constraints |
| topic | exports mathematical models economic development trade stochastic models |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/149947 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT miankheladilkhan pakistanspotentialtradeandbehindtheborderconstraints |