Solar-powered irrigation in Nepal: implications for fossil fuel use and groundwater extraction

In recent years, use of solar-powered irrigation pumps (SIPs) has increased significantly in the agricultural plains (terai) of Nepal. Federal and local governments there have subsidized the pumps in an effort to expand irrigated agriculture using renewable energy. We use data from a cross-sectional...

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Autores principales: Kafle, Kashi, Balasubramanya, Soumya, Stifel, D., Khadka, Manohara
Formato: Journal Article
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: IOP Publishing 2024
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/149320
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author Kafle, Kashi
Balasubramanya, Soumya
Stifel, D.
Khadka, Manohara
author_browse Balasubramanya, Soumya
Kafle, Kashi
Khadka, Manohara
Stifel, D.
author_facet Kafle, Kashi
Balasubramanya, Soumya
Stifel, D.
Khadka, Manohara
author_sort Kafle, Kashi
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description In recent years, use of solar-powered irrigation pumps (SIPs) has increased significantly in the agricultural plains (terai) of Nepal. Federal and local governments there have subsidized the pumps in an effort to expand irrigated agriculture using renewable energy. We use data from a cross-sectional survey of 656 farming households in the terai to examine how SIPs affect fossil fuel use and groundwater extraction. We find that most SIP users continued to use their fossil-fuel pumps, as very few completely replaced them with solar pumps. Farmers who received SIPs operated their irrigation pumps more hours than those who did not receive SIPs. Taken together, these findings suggest that groundwater use has increased, as SIP recipients ‘stack’ their pumps. We also find that solar pumps were more likely to be owned by richer households and those with better social networks than those who were poorer and had relative social disadvantage. As Nepal expands the use of solar pumps in agriculture, policy efforts may benefit from managing expectations about the carbon-mitigation potential of this technology, managing groundwater risks as SIP use expands, and making SIPs more inclusive.
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spelling CGSpace1493202025-10-26T12:55:50Z Solar-powered irrigation in Nepal: implications for fossil fuel use and groundwater extraction Kafle, Kashi Balasubramanya, Soumya Stifel, D. Khadka, Manohara solar powered irrigation systems fossil fuels groundwater water extraction pumps energy consumption government subsidies social networks equity farmers households socioeconomic environment policies In recent years, use of solar-powered irrigation pumps (SIPs) has increased significantly in the agricultural plains (terai) of Nepal. Federal and local governments there have subsidized the pumps in an effort to expand irrigated agriculture using renewable energy. We use data from a cross-sectional survey of 656 farming households in the terai to examine how SIPs affect fossil fuel use and groundwater extraction. We find that most SIP users continued to use their fossil-fuel pumps, as very few completely replaced them with solar pumps. Farmers who received SIPs operated their irrigation pumps more hours than those who did not receive SIPs. Taken together, these findings suggest that groundwater use has increased, as SIP recipients ‘stack’ their pumps. We also find that solar pumps were more likely to be owned by richer households and those with better social networks than those who were poorer and had relative social disadvantage. As Nepal expands the use of solar pumps in agriculture, policy efforts may benefit from managing expectations about the carbon-mitigation potential of this technology, managing groundwater risks as SIP use expands, and making SIPs more inclusive. 2024-08-01 2024-07-31T04:01:34Z 2024-07-31T04:01:34Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/149320 en Open Access IOP Publishing Kafle, Kashi; Balasubramanya, Soumya; Stifel, D.; Khadka, Manohara. 2024. Solar-powered irrigation in Nepal: implications for fossil fuel use and groundwater extraction. Environmental Research Letters, 19(8):084012. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad5f46]
spellingShingle solar powered irrigation systems
fossil fuels
groundwater
water extraction
pumps
energy consumption
government
subsidies
social networks
equity
farmers
households
socioeconomic environment
policies
Kafle, Kashi
Balasubramanya, Soumya
Stifel, D.
Khadka, Manohara
Solar-powered irrigation in Nepal: implications for fossil fuel use and groundwater extraction
title Solar-powered irrigation in Nepal: implications for fossil fuel use and groundwater extraction
title_full Solar-powered irrigation in Nepal: implications for fossil fuel use and groundwater extraction
title_fullStr Solar-powered irrigation in Nepal: implications for fossil fuel use and groundwater extraction
title_full_unstemmed Solar-powered irrigation in Nepal: implications for fossil fuel use and groundwater extraction
title_short Solar-powered irrigation in Nepal: implications for fossil fuel use and groundwater extraction
title_sort solar powered irrigation in nepal implications for fossil fuel use and groundwater extraction
topic solar powered irrigation systems
fossil fuels
groundwater
water extraction
pumps
energy consumption
government
subsidies
social networks
equity
farmers
households
socioeconomic environment
policies
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/149320
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AT balasubramanyasoumya solarpoweredirrigationinnepalimplicationsforfossilfueluseandgroundwaterextraction
AT stifeld solarpoweredirrigationinnepalimplicationsforfossilfueluseandgroundwaterextraction
AT khadkamanohara solarpoweredirrigationinnepalimplicationsforfossilfueluseandgroundwaterextraction