| Sumario: | Arboviruses transmitted by mosquitoes, including Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), present a substantial global health threat. JEV is transmitted by mosquitoes in the genus <i>Culex</i>, which are common in both urban and rural areas in Vietnam. In 2020, we conducted a 1-year survey of <i>Culex</i> mosquito abundance in urban, suburban, and peri-urban areas of Hanoi using CDC-light traps. Mosquitoes were identified to species and sorted into pools based on species, sex, and trap location. The mosquito pools were also investigated by RT-qPCR for detection of JEV. In total, 4829 mosquitoes were collected over a total of 455 trap-nights, across 13 months. Collected mosquitoes included <i>Culex</i>, <i>Aedes</i>, <i>Anopheles</i>, and <i>Mansonia</i> species. <i>Culex</i> mosquitoes, primarily <i>Cx. quinquefasciatus</i>, predominated, especially in peri-urban areas. Most <i>Culex</i> mosquitoes were caught in the early months of the year. The distribution and abundance of mosquitoes exhibited variations across urban, suburban, and peri-urban sites, emphasizing the influence of environmental factors such as degree of urbanization, temperature and humidity on <i>Culex</i> abundance. No JEV was detected in the mosquito pools. This study establishes baseline knowledge of <i>Culex</i> abundance and temporal variation, which is crucial for understanding the potential for JEV transmission in Hanoi.
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