The European Union’s and United States of America’s Non–Tariff Measures: Impacts on African Exports
There are differentials in the conclusion of scholars as to what undermines Africa’s export flows to the European Union (EU) and United State of America (USA). While the impact of tariffs has been reduced due to the unilateral preferential tariffs granted to Africa by these countries, empirical stud...
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| Format: | Artículo preliminar |
| Language: | Inglés |
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International Food Policy Research Institute
2016
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/148420 |
| _version_ | 1855523740185526272 |
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| author | Kareem, Olayinka Idowu |
| author_browse | Kareem, Olayinka Idowu |
| author_facet | Kareem, Olayinka Idowu |
| author_sort | Kareem, Olayinka Idowu |
| collection | Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace) |
| description | There are differentials in the conclusion of scholars as to what undermines Africa’s export flows to the European Union (EU) and United State of America (USA). While the impact of tariffs has been reduced due to the unilateral preferential tariffs granted to Africa by these countries, empirical studies have shown that the frequencies of the incidences of non-tariff measures have increased. However, most of these studies examine only price-related trade restrictions without considering the non–tariff (non-price) measures. In addition, these studies’ conclusions are based on data limited to Africa south of the Sahara. This study fills these gaps by evaluating the impact of non-tariff measures in the EU and USA on African exports. The study covers exports from 25 African countries, spread across three sectors, using a gravity model based on data from 1990 to 2011, which were obtained from World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS). To mitigate the potential endogeneity and heteroscedasticity problems, the generalized method of moments was used in the analysis. This study finds that tariffs are not the cause of Africa’s inability to access export markets in the EU and USA, but that the incidence of the use of non-tariff measures, such as technical barriers to trade, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, etc., have inhibited Africa’s export flows to these markets, such that non-tariff barriers have larger magnitudes and significant in both markets. |
| format | Artículo preliminar |
| id | CGSpace148420 |
| institution | CGIAR Consortium |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateRange | 2016 |
| publishDateSort | 2016 |
| publisher | International Food Policy Research Institute |
| publisherStr | International Food Policy Research Institute |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | CGSpace1484202025-11-06T06:04:33Z The European Union’s and United States of America’s Non–Tariff Measures: Impacts on African Exports Kareem, Olayinka Idowu models exports trade barriers trade tariffs There are differentials in the conclusion of scholars as to what undermines Africa’s export flows to the European Union (EU) and United State of America (USA). While the impact of tariffs has been reduced due to the unilateral preferential tariffs granted to Africa by these countries, empirical studies have shown that the frequencies of the incidences of non-tariff measures have increased. However, most of these studies examine only price-related trade restrictions without considering the non–tariff (non-price) measures. In addition, these studies’ conclusions are based on data limited to Africa south of the Sahara. This study fills these gaps by evaluating the impact of non-tariff measures in the EU and USA on African exports. The study covers exports from 25 African countries, spread across three sectors, using a gravity model based on data from 1990 to 2011, which were obtained from World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS). To mitigate the potential endogeneity and heteroscedasticity problems, the generalized method of moments was used in the analysis. This study finds that tariffs are not the cause of Africa’s inability to access export markets in the EU and USA, but that the incidence of the use of non-tariff measures, such as technical barriers to trade, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, etc., have inhibited Africa’s export flows to these markets, such that non-tariff barriers have larger magnitudes and significant in both markets. 2016-10-26 2024-06-21T09:24:38Z 2024-06-21T09:24:38Z Working Paper https://hdl.handle.net/10568/148420 en Open Access application/pdf International Food Policy Research Institute Kareem, Olayinka Idowu. 2016. The European Union’s and United States of America’s non–tariff measures: Impacts on African exports. AGRODEP Working Paper 0027. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https://hdl.handle.net/10568/148420 |
| spellingShingle | models exports trade barriers trade tariffs Kareem, Olayinka Idowu The European Union’s and United States of America’s Non–Tariff Measures: Impacts on African Exports |
| title | The European Union’s and United States of America’s Non–Tariff Measures: Impacts on African Exports |
| title_full | The European Union’s and United States of America’s Non–Tariff Measures: Impacts on African Exports |
| title_fullStr | The European Union’s and United States of America’s Non–Tariff Measures: Impacts on African Exports |
| title_full_unstemmed | The European Union’s and United States of America’s Non–Tariff Measures: Impacts on African Exports |
| title_short | The European Union’s and United States of America’s Non–Tariff Measures: Impacts on African Exports |
| title_sort | european union s and united states of america s non tariff measures impacts on african exports |
| topic | models exports trade barriers trade tariffs |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/148420 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kareemolayinkaidowu theeuropeanunionsandunitedstatesofamericasnontariffmeasuresimpactsonafricanexports AT kareemolayinkaidowu europeanunionsandunitedstatesofamericasnontariffmeasuresimpactsonafricanexports |