Rural off-farm incomes in Myanmar’s dry zone
Our study offers the following important findings relating to off-farm incomes in the Dry Zone: 1. Off-farm activities are a major source of income. Only 31% of Dry Zone income is generated directly from farming; off-farm self-employment is equally as important. Non-farm enterprises account for 20%...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Brief |
| Language: | Inglés |
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Michigan State University
2017
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/148243 |
| _version_ | 1855537499730870272 |
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| author | Zu, A Myint Khine, Htet Htet Win, Khin Zin Kyaw, Sithu |
| author_browse | Khine, Htet Htet Kyaw, Sithu Win, Khin Zin Zu, A Myint |
| author_facet | Zu, A Myint Khine, Htet Htet Win, Khin Zin Kyaw, Sithu |
| author_sort | Zu, A Myint |
| collection | Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace) |
| description | Our study offers the following important findings relating to off-farm incomes in the Dry Zone: 1. Off-farm activities are a major source of income. Only 31% of Dry Zone income is generated directly from farming; off-farm self-employment is equally as important. Non-farm enterprises account for 20% of income, and remittances 15%. 2. Agriculture is central to rural employment. Fiftyeight percent of working-age individuals consider farming or agricultural labor to be their primary occupation, and agricultural labor is by far the most important secondary occupation. 3. Women and men work off-farm in similar numbers, but men earn higher wages. The gender wage gap is most pronounced in casual employment. There is less gender disparity in wages for non-farm work than for on-farm work. 58% of non-farm enterprises are run by women. 4. Non-farm enterprises are growing rapidly. Since 2011, the numbers of retail stores more than doubled, agricultural trading and processing trebled, and rental services providers more than quadrupled. Non-farm income is the most important source of startup capital for these businesses. 5. Most of businesses are self-operated microenterprises. The vast majority hire no labor. The rural non-farm economy is not yet a major provider of jobs, other than to business proprietors themselves. |
| format | Brief |
| id | CGSpace148243 |
| institution | CGIAR Consortium |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publishDateRange | 2017 |
| publishDateSort | 2017 |
| publisher | Michigan State University |
| publisherStr | Michigan State University |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | CGSpace1482432025-11-06T04:42:51Z Rural off-farm incomes in Myanmar’s dry zone Zu, A Myint Khine, Htet Htet Win, Khin Zin Kyaw, Sithu rural population rural economics nonfarm income employment households arid zones enterprises agriculture off-farm employment remuneration gender equity agricultural workers Our study offers the following important findings relating to off-farm incomes in the Dry Zone: 1. Off-farm activities are a major source of income. Only 31% of Dry Zone income is generated directly from farming; off-farm self-employment is equally as important. Non-farm enterprises account for 20% of income, and remittances 15%. 2. Agriculture is central to rural employment. Fiftyeight percent of working-age individuals consider farming or agricultural labor to be their primary occupation, and agricultural labor is by far the most important secondary occupation. 3. Women and men work off-farm in similar numbers, but men earn higher wages. The gender wage gap is most pronounced in casual employment. There is less gender disparity in wages for non-farm work than for on-farm work. 58% of non-farm enterprises are run by women. 4. Non-farm enterprises are growing rapidly. Since 2011, the numbers of retail stores more than doubled, agricultural trading and processing trebled, and rental services providers more than quadrupled. Non-farm income is the most important source of startup capital for these businesses. 5. Most of businesses are self-operated microenterprises. The vast majority hire no labor. The rural non-farm economy is not yet a major provider of jobs, other than to business proprietors themselves. 2017 2024-06-21T09:24:09Z 2024-06-21T09:24:09Z Brief https://hdl.handle.net/10568/148243 en application/pdf Michigan State University Zu, A Myint; Khine, Htet Htet; Win, , Khin Zin; and Kyaw, Sithu. 2017. Rural off-farm incomes in Myanmar’s dry zone. Food Security Policy Project Research Highlights #10. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University. http://foodsecuritypolicy.msu.edu/uploads/resources/Research_Highlights_10.pdf |
| spellingShingle | rural population rural economics nonfarm income employment households arid zones enterprises agriculture off-farm employment remuneration gender equity agricultural workers Zu, A Myint Khine, Htet Htet Win, Khin Zin Kyaw, Sithu Rural off-farm incomes in Myanmar’s dry zone |
| title | Rural off-farm incomes in Myanmar’s dry zone |
| title_full | Rural off-farm incomes in Myanmar’s dry zone |
| title_fullStr | Rural off-farm incomes in Myanmar’s dry zone |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rural off-farm incomes in Myanmar’s dry zone |
| title_short | Rural off-farm incomes in Myanmar’s dry zone |
| title_sort | rural off farm incomes in myanmar s dry zone |
| topic | rural population rural economics nonfarm income employment households arid zones enterprises agriculture off-farm employment remuneration gender equity agricultural workers |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/148243 |
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