Limitations of contract farming as a pro-poor strategy: The case of maize outgrower schemes in upper West Ghana

The focus in this paper is on two relatively large maize-based contract farming (CF) schemes with fixed input packages (Masara and Akate) and a number of smaller and more flexible CF schemes in a remote region in Ghana (Upper West). Results show that these schemes led to improved technology adoption...

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Autores principales: Ragasa, Catherine, Lambrecht, Isabel B., Kufoalor, Doreen S.
Formato: Artículo preliminar
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: International Food Policy Research Institute 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/147954
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author Ragasa, Catherine
Lambrecht, Isabel B.
Kufoalor, Doreen S.
author_browse Kufoalor, Doreen S.
Lambrecht, Isabel B.
Ragasa, Catherine
author_facet Ragasa, Catherine
Lambrecht, Isabel B.
Kufoalor, Doreen S.
author_sort Ragasa, Catherine
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description The focus in this paper is on two relatively large maize-based contract farming (CF) schemes with fixed input packages (Masara and Akate) and a number of smaller and more flexible CF schemes in a remote region in Ghana (Upper West). Results show that these schemes led to improved technology adoption and yield increases. In addition, a subset of maize farmers with high yield improvements due to CF participation had high gross margins. However, on average, yields were not high enough to compensate for higher input requirements and cost of capital. On average, households harvest 29–30 bags (100 kg each), or 2.9–3.0 metric tons, of maize per hectare, and the required repayment for fertilizer, seed, herbicide, and materials provided under the average CF scheme is 21–25 bags (50 kg each) per acre, or 2.6–3.0 tons per hectare, which leaves almost none for home consumption or for sale. Despite higher yields, the costs to produce 1 ton of maize under CF schemes remain high on average—higher than on maize farms without CF schemes, more than twice that of several countries in Africa, and more than seven times higher than that of major maize-exporting countries (the United States, Brazil, and Argentina). Sustainability of these CF schemes will depend on, from the firms’ perspective, minimizing the costs to run and monitor them, and from the farmers’ perspective, developing and promoting much-improved varieties and technologies that may lead to a jump in yields and gross margins to compensate for the high cost of credit.
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spelling CGSpace1479542025-11-06T07:21:30Z Limitations of contract farming as a pro-poor strategy: The case of maize outgrower schemes in upper West Ghana Ragasa, Catherine Lambrecht, Isabel B. Kufoalor, Doreen S. profitability supply chains technology adoption technology agricultural policies households agricultural research maize farm inputs productivity contract farming farming systems The focus in this paper is on two relatively large maize-based contract farming (CF) schemes with fixed input packages (Masara and Akate) and a number of smaller and more flexible CF schemes in a remote region in Ghana (Upper West). Results show that these schemes led to improved technology adoption and yield increases. In addition, a subset of maize farmers with high yield improvements due to CF participation had high gross margins. However, on average, yields were not high enough to compensate for higher input requirements and cost of capital. On average, households harvest 29–30 bags (100 kg each), or 2.9–3.0 metric tons, of maize per hectare, and the required repayment for fertilizer, seed, herbicide, and materials provided under the average CF scheme is 21–25 bags (50 kg each) per acre, or 2.6–3.0 tons per hectare, which leaves almost none for home consumption or for sale. Despite higher yields, the costs to produce 1 ton of maize under CF schemes remain high on average—higher than on maize farms without CF schemes, more than twice that of several countries in Africa, and more than seven times higher than that of major maize-exporting countries (the United States, Brazil, and Argentina). Sustainability of these CF schemes will depend on, from the firms’ perspective, minimizing the costs to run and monitor them, and from the farmers’ perspective, developing and promoting much-improved varieties and technologies that may lead to a jump in yields and gross margins to compensate for the high cost of credit. 2017 2024-06-21T09:23:34Z 2024-06-21T09:23:34Z Working Paper https://hdl.handle.net/10568/147954 en https://hdl.handle.net/10568/146170 https://hdl.handle.net/10568/147467 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.09.008 Open Access application/pdf International Food Policy Research Institute Ragasa, Catherine; Lambrecht, Isabel; and Kufoalor, Doreen S. 2017. Limitations of contract farming as a pro-poor strategy: The case of maize outgrower schemes in upper West Ghana. IFPRI Discussion Paper 1626. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https://hdl.handle.net/10568/147954
spellingShingle profitability
supply chains
technology adoption
technology
agricultural policies
households
agricultural research
maize
farm inputs
productivity
contract farming
farming systems
Ragasa, Catherine
Lambrecht, Isabel B.
Kufoalor, Doreen S.
Limitations of contract farming as a pro-poor strategy: The case of maize outgrower schemes in upper West Ghana
title Limitations of contract farming as a pro-poor strategy: The case of maize outgrower schemes in upper West Ghana
title_full Limitations of contract farming as a pro-poor strategy: The case of maize outgrower schemes in upper West Ghana
title_fullStr Limitations of contract farming as a pro-poor strategy: The case of maize outgrower schemes in upper West Ghana
title_full_unstemmed Limitations of contract farming as a pro-poor strategy: The case of maize outgrower schemes in upper West Ghana
title_short Limitations of contract farming as a pro-poor strategy: The case of maize outgrower schemes in upper West Ghana
title_sort limitations of contract farming as a pro poor strategy the case of maize outgrower schemes in upper west ghana
topic profitability
supply chains
technology adoption
technology
agricultural policies
households
agricultural research
maize
farm inputs
productivity
contract farming
farming systems
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/147954
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AT kufoalordoreens limitationsofcontractfarmingasapropoorstrategythecaseofmaizeoutgrowerschemesinupperwestghana