Accounting for the rapid reduction of child stunting in Tanzania over 2005-2016
This research was undertaken in order to understand what factors have been driving stunting reduction in Tanzania over the recent past (2005-2015), and what can further accelerate progress against undernutrition in the near future (2015-2025). Chronic undernutrition in early childhood - often indica...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Artículo preliminar |
| Language: | Inglés |
| Published: |
International Food Policy Research Institute
2019
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/146931 |
| _version_ | 1855531648251068416 |
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| author | Headey, Derek D. Heckert, Jessica Ndiaye, Biram Brero, Mauro Assey, Vincent |
| author_browse | Assey, Vincent Brero, Mauro Headey, Derek D. Heckert, Jessica Ndiaye, Biram |
| author_facet | Headey, Derek D. Heckert, Jessica Ndiaye, Biram Brero, Mauro Assey, Vincent |
| author_sort | Headey, Derek D. |
| collection | Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace) |
| description | This research was undertaken in order to understand what factors have been driving stunting reduction in Tanzania over the recent past (2005-2015), and what can further accelerate progress against undernutrition in the near future (2015-2025). Chronic undernutrition in early childhood - often indicated by stunting - has highly detrimental consequences for long-term physical and cognitive development, school attendance and performance, and labor productivity and wages in adulthood. Understanding how countries have been able to successfully reduce stunting prevalence, and how they can accelerate this success in the future, are therefore critically important research questions. During the past decade, Tanzania has experienced rapid change in the nutrition status of children 0-5 years, particularly since 2010. Stunting declining from 44.3% in 2004-05 to 42.0% in 2010, before dropping sharply to 34.4% in 2015-16, a decline of 0.9 percentage points per year. This encouraging trend begs the main research question motivating this paper: what explains this progress? We address this question with a quantitative approach built upon both parametric and non-parametric regression techniques, and a simple linear regression decomposition at means. Previous studies applying this approach in South Asia have demonstrated the paramount importance of improvements in household wealth, parental education, maternal and child health care, and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). However, a novel contribution of the study is the consideration of infectious diseases, including malaria and HIV/AIDS: both diseases were very common in 2005, yet both saw dramatic improvements in prevention and treatment efforts in subsequent years. We show that proxies for the prevention/treatment of these diseases account for the largest share of the predicted reduction in stunting over 2005-16, that prevention of both diseases is associated with improvements in early childhood nutrition (suggestive of improvements in birth size and growth in early infancy), and that the apparent effects of these public health efforts are larger in regions where the diseases are more prevalent. In contrast, the apparent effects of household wealth, parental education, maternal and child health care and WASH are more important in explaining stunting reduction among older children. Finally, we go beyond historical decompositions by using the regression results to project alternative stunting reduction scenarios to 2025. If trends over 2005-2015 were to continue, Tanzania would fail to achieve the WHA target of a 40% reduction in stunting by 2025. However, an accelerated socio-economic development scenario - in which Tanzania achieves faster progress in a wide range of sectors, including improved child feeding - could achieve the WHA target and see stunting rates fall by a further 14 percentage points by 2025. These results reaffirm that solving stunting requires rapid and coordinated progress in multiple sectors, including nutrition-specific actions and a wide range of nutrition-sensitive actions. |
| format | Artículo preliminar |
| id | CGSpace146931 |
| institution | CGIAR Consortium |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publishDateRange | 2019 |
| publishDateSort | 2019 |
| publisher | International Food Policy Research Institute |
| publisherStr | International Food Policy Research Institute |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | CGSpace1469312025-11-06T06:52:12Z Accounting for the rapid reduction of child stunting in Tanzania over 2005-2016 Headey, Derek D. Heckert, Jessica Ndiaye, Biram Brero, Mauro Assey, Vincent hiv infections child nutrition health malaria malnutrition children diet This research was undertaken in order to understand what factors have been driving stunting reduction in Tanzania over the recent past (2005-2015), and what can further accelerate progress against undernutrition in the near future (2015-2025). Chronic undernutrition in early childhood - often indicated by stunting - has highly detrimental consequences for long-term physical and cognitive development, school attendance and performance, and labor productivity and wages in adulthood. Understanding how countries have been able to successfully reduce stunting prevalence, and how they can accelerate this success in the future, are therefore critically important research questions. During the past decade, Tanzania has experienced rapid change in the nutrition status of children 0-5 years, particularly since 2010. Stunting declining from 44.3% in 2004-05 to 42.0% in 2010, before dropping sharply to 34.4% in 2015-16, a decline of 0.9 percentage points per year. This encouraging trend begs the main research question motivating this paper: what explains this progress? We address this question with a quantitative approach built upon both parametric and non-parametric regression techniques, and a simple linear regression decomposition at means. Previous studies applying this approach in South Asia have demonstrated the paramount importance of improvements in household wealth, parental education, maternal and child health care, and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). However, a novel contribution of the study is the consideration of infectious diseases, including malaria and HIV/AIDS: both diseases were very common in 2005, yet both saw dramatic improvements in prevention and treatment efforts in subsequent years. We show that proxies for the prevention/treatment of these diseases account for the largest share of the predicted reduction in stunting over 2005-16, that prevention of both diseases is associated with improvements in early childhood nutrition (suggestive of improvements in birth size and growth in early infancy), and that the apparent effects of these public health efforts are larger in regions where the diseases are more prevalent. In contrast, the apparent effects of household wealth, parental education, maternal and child health care and WASH are more important in explaining stunting reduction among older children. Finally, we go beyond historical decompositions by using the regression results to project alternative stunting reduction scenarios to 2025. If trends over 2005-2015 were to continue, Tanzania would fail to achieve the WHA target of a 40% reduction in stunting by 2025. However, an accelerated socio-economic development scenario - in which Tanzania achieves faster progress in a wide range of sectors, including improved child feeding - could achieve the WHA target and see stunting rates fall by a further 14 percentage points by 2025. These results reaffirm that solving stunting requires rapid and coordinated progress in multiple sectors, including nutrition-specific actions and a wide range of nutrition-sensitive actions. 2019-10-16 2024-06-21T09:09:40Z 2024-06-21T09:09:40Z Working Paper https://hdl.handle.net/10568/146931 en https://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133445 Open Access application/pdf International Food Policy Research Institute Headey, Derek D.; Heckert, Jessica; Ndiaye, Biram; Brero, Mauro; and Assey, Vincent. 2019. Accounting for the rapid reduction of child stunting in Tanzania over 2005-2016. IFPRI Discussion Paper 1874. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https://hdl.handle.net/10568/146931 |
| spellingShingle | hiv infections child nutrition health malaria malnutrition children diet Headey, Derek D. Heckert, Jessica Ndiaye, Biram Brero, Mauro Assey, Vincent Accounting for the rapid reduction of child stunting in Tanzania over 2005-2016 |
| title | Accounting for the rapid reduction of child stunting in Tanzania over 2005-2016 |
| title_full | Accounting for the rapid reduction of child stunting in Tanzania over 2005-2016 |
| title_fullStr | Accounting for the rapid reduction of child stunting in Tanzania over 2005-2016 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Accounting for the rapid reduction of child stunting in Tanzania over 2005-2016 |
| title_short | Accounting for the rapid reduction of child stunting in Tanzania over 2005-2016 |
| title_sort | accounting for the rapid reduction of child stunting in tanzania over 2005 2016 |
| topic | hiv infections child nutrition health malaria malnutrition children diet |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/146931 |
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