Opportunities and limitations of food-feed crops for livestock feeding and implications for livestock-water productivity
The paper discusses the contribution of crop residues (CR) to feed resources in the context of the water productivity of CR in livestock feeding, using India as an example. It is argued that crop residues are already the single most important feed resource in many livestock production systems in dev...
| Autores principales: | , , , |
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| Formato: | Journal Article |
| Lenguaje: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
2009
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| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/146 |
| _version_ | 1855523660190711808 |
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| author | Blümmel, Michael Samad, M. Singh, Om Prakash Amede, Tilahun |
| author_browse | Amede, Tilahun Blümmel, Michael Samad, M. Singh, Om Prakash |
| author_facet | Blümmel, Michael Samad, M. Singh, Om Prakash Amede, Tilahun |
| author_sort | Blümmel, Michael |
| collection | Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace) |
| description | The paper discusses the contribution of crop residues (CR) to feed resources in the context of the water productivity of CR in livestock feeding, using India as an example. It is argued that crop residues are already the single most important feed resource in many livestock production systems in developing countries and that increasing their contribution to livestock feeding needs to be linked to improving their fodder quality. Using examples from multi-dimensional crop improvement, it is shown that CR fodder quality of key crops such as sorghum, rice and groundnut can be improved by genetic enhancement without detriment to grain and pod yields. Improving crop residue quality through genetic enhancement, agronomic and management interventions and strategic supplementation could improve water productivity of farms and systems considerably. The draw-backs of CR based feeding regimes are also pointed out, namely that they result in only moderate levels of livestock productivity and produce higher greenhouse gas emissions than are observed under feeding regimes that are based on high quality forages and concentrates. It is argued that feed metabolisable energy (ME) content should be used as an important determinant of livestock productivity; water requirement for feed and fodder production should be related to a unit of feed ME rather than feed bulk. The paper also revisits data from the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) work on livestock–water productivity in the Indian state of Gujarat, showing that water input per unit ME can vary several-fold in the same feed depending on where the feed is produced. Thus, the production of one mega joule of ME from alfalfa required 12.9 L of irrigation-derived water in south Gujarat but 50.7 L of irrigation-derived water in north Gujarat. Wheat straw in south Gujarat required 20.9 L of irrigation-derived water for 1 MJ ME and was in this instance less water use efficient than alfalfa. We conclude that water use efficiency across feed and fodder classes (for example crop residue v. planted forages) and within a feed is highly variable. Feeding recommendations should be made according to specific water use requirement per unit ME in a defined production system. |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | CGSpace146 |
| institution | CGIAR Consortium |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publishDateRange | 2009 |
| publishDateSort | 2009 |
| publisher | Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation |
| publisherStr | Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | CGSpace1462025-12-08T10:29:22Z Opportunities and limitations of food-feed crops for livestock feeding and implications for livestock-water productivity Blümmel, Michael Samad, M. Singh, Om Prakash Amede, Tilahun The paper discusses the contribution of crop residues (CR) to feed resources in the context of the water productivity of CR in livestock feeding, using India as an example. It is argued that crop residues are already the single most important feed resource in many livestock production systems in developing countries and that increasing their contribution to livestock feeding needs to be linked to improving their fodder quality. Using examples from multi-dimensional crop improvement, it is shown that CR fodder quality of key crops such as sorghum, rice and groundnut can be improved by genetic enhancement without detriment to grain and pod yields. Improving crop residue quality through genetic enhancement, agronomic and management interventions and strategic supplementation could improve water productivity of farms and systems considerably. The draw-backs of CR based feeding regimes are also pointed out, namely that they result in only moderate levels of livestock productivity and produce higher greenhouse gas emissions than are observed under feeding regimes that are based on high quality forages and concentrates. It is argued that feed metabolisable energy (ME) content should be used as an important determinant of livestock productivity; water requirement for feed and fodder production should be related to a unit of feed ME rather than feed bulk. The paper also revisits data from the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) work on livestock–water productivity in the Indian state of Gujarat, showing that water input per unit ME can vary several-fold in the same feed depending on where the feed is produced. Thus, the production of one mega joule of ME from alfalfa required 12.9 L of irrigation-derived water in south Gujarat but 50.7 L of irrigation-derived water in north Gujarat. Wheat straw in south Gujarat required 20.9 L of irrigation-derived water for 1 MJ ME and was in this instance less water use efficient than alfalfa. We conclude that water use efficiency across feed and fodder classes (for example crop residue v. planted forages) and within a feed is highly variable. Feeding recommendations should be made according to specific water use requirement per unit ME in a defined production system. 2009 2009-11-28T17:30:39Z 2009-11-28T17:30:39Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/146 en Limited Access Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Blümmel, M., Samad, M., Singh, O.P. and T. Amede. 2009. Opportunities and limitations of food-feed crops for livestock feeding and implications for livestock-water productivity. Rangeland Journal. 31(2): 207-212 |
| spellingShingle | Blümmel, Michael Samad, M. Singh, Om Prakash Amede, Tilahun Opportunities and limitations of food-feed crops for livestock feeding and implications for livestock-water productivity |
| title | Opportunities and limitations of food-feed crops for livestock feeding and implications for livestock-water productivity |
| title_full | Opportunities and limitations of food-feed crops for livestock feeding and implications for livestock-water productivity |
| title_fullStr | Opportunities and limitations of food-feed crops for livestock feeding and implications for livestock-water productivity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Opportunities and limitations of food-feed crops for livestock feeding and implications for livestock-water productivity |
| title_short | Opportunities and limitations of food-feed crops for livestock feeding and implications for livestock-water productivity |
| title_sort | opportunities and limitations of food feed crops for livestock feeding and implications for livestock water productivity |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/146 |
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