Gender transformative innovation: Women's inclusion in livestock vaccine systems in northern Ghana
CONTEXT Owning livestock can support women's empowerment and progress toward gender-equitable agri-food systems. Gender inequality, however, can reduce women's ownership of livestock and access to animal vaccines. Gender accommodative approaches (GAAs), and more recently gender transformative approa...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | Inglés |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2024
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/145235 |
| _version_ | 1855538932115046400 |
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| author | Njiru, Nelly Galiè, Alessandra Omondi, Immaculate A. Omia, Dalmas Loriba, Agnes Awin, Peter |
| author_browse | Awin, Peter Galiè, Alessandra Loriba, Agnes Njiru, Nelly Omia, Dalmas Omondi, Immaculate A. |
| author_facet | Njiru, Nelly Galiè, Alessandra Omondi, Immaculate A. Omia, Dalmas Loriba, Agnes Awin, Peter |
| author_sort | Njiru, Nelly |
| collection | Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace) |
| description | CONTEXT
Owning livestock can support women's empowerment and progress toward gender-equitable agri-food systems. Gender inequality, however, can reduce women's ownership of livestock and access to animal vaccines. Gender accommodative approaches (GAAs), and more recently gender transformative approaches (GTAs), are increasingly implemented in development interventions. However, their impact on women's empowerment has not been systematically tested. Here, we describe the ‘Women Rear Project’, implemented in northern Ghana between 2019 and 2023, and assess the impact of GTAs and GAAs on women's empowerment, ownership of livestock, and access to animal vaccines.
OBJECTIVE
We sought to systematically assess changes conferred by GAAs and GTAs on gender norms and women's empowerment and access to animal vaccines.
METHODS
Using a mixed-methods approach, in 2021 and 2023 we collected quantitative and qualitative data regarding women's empowerment, gender norms, and access to animal vaccines. Qualitative data regarding women's and men's conceptualizations of gender norms and women's empowerment were obtained via focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Quantitative survey data were obtained from 500 households, using the Women's Empowerment in Livestock Index (WELI). Quantitative data on livelihood indicators were also collected, using the Rural Household Multi-Indicator Survey (RHoMIS) tool. We systematically assessed changes between baseline (2021) and endline (2023) in local conceptualizations of empowerment in the livestock sector, the effects of GTAs and GAAs on such conceptualizations, and how empowerment was experienced by women and men and the implications for women's access to animal vaccines.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
Local conceptualizations of empowerment in 2021, among both women and men, emphasized financial independence, decision-making autonomy, self-reliance, and problem-solving skills. In 2023, this conceptualization of empowerment had expanded to include the ability to act without external restrictions; women were empowered by managing resources, running successful businesses, and making decisions in consultation with their husbands. Furthermore, women in communities where GTAs had been enacted scored significantly higher in empowerment compared with women in communities where only GAAs had been introduced. Gender norms impacted empowerment indicators, with respect among household members and autonomy in income both contributing to disempowerment. Gender norms also affected respondents' reporting. Women's access to livestock vaccines was more positive in GTA/GAA communities. We recommend efforts are made to reduce restrictive gender norms and enhance women's empowerment and access to resources such as animal vaccines.
SIGNIFICANCE
We offer recommendations for pathways toward women's empowerment and healthy livestock via inclusive innovations in agri-food systems. |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | CGSpace145235 |
| institution | CGIAR Consortium |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publishDateRange | 2024 |
| publishDateSort | 2024 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| publisherStr | Elsevier |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | CGSpace1452352025-12-08T10:11:39Z Gender transformative innovation: Women's inclusion in livestock vaccine systems in northern Ghana Njiru, Nelly Galiè, Alessandra Omondi, Immaculate A. Omia, Dalmas Loriba, Agnes Awin, Peter gender women livestock vaccines CONTEXT Owning livestock can support women's empowerment and progress toward gender-equitable agri-food systems. Gender inequality, however, can reduce women's ownership of livestock and access to animal vaccines. Gender accommodative approaches (GAAs), and more recently gender transformative approaches (GTAs), are increasingly implemented in development interventions. However, their impact on women's empowerment has not been systematically tested. Here, we describe the ‘Women Rear Project’, implemented in northern Ghana between 2019 and 2023, and assess the impact of GTAs and GAAs on women's empowerment, ownership of livestock, and access to animal vaccines. OBJECTIVE We sought to systematically assess changes conferred by GAAs and GTAs on gender norms and women's empowerment and access to animal vaccines. METHODS Using a mixed-methods approach, in 2021 and 2023 we collected quantitative and qualitative data regarding women's empowerment, gender norms, and access to animal vaccines. Qualitative data regarding women's and men's conceptualizations of gender norms and women's empowerment were obtained via focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Quantitative survey data were obtained from 500 households, using the Women's Empowerment in Livestock Index (WELI). Quantitative data on livelihood indicators were also collected, using the Rural Household Multi-Indicator Survey (RHoMIS) tool. We systematically assessed changes between baseline (2021) and endline (2023) in local conceptualizations of empowerment in the livestock sector, the effects of GTAs and GAAs on such conceptualizations, and how empowerment was experienced by women and men and the implications for women's access to animal vaccines. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Local conceptualizations of empowerment in 2021, among both women and men, emphasized financial independence, decision-making autonomy, self-reliance, and problem-solving skills. In 2023, this conceptualization of empowerment had expanded to include the ability to act without external restrictions; women were empowered by managing resources, running successful businesses, and making decisions in consultation with their husbands. Furthermore, women in communities where GTAs had been enacted scored significantly higher in empowerment compared with women in communities where only GAAs had been introduced. Gender norms impacted empowerment indicators, with respect among household members and autonomy in income both contributing to disempowerment. Gender norms also affected respondents' reporting. Women's access to livestock vaccines was more positive in GTA/GAA communities. We recommend efforts are made to reduce restrictive gender norms and enhance women's empowerment and access to resources such as animal vaccines. SIGNIFICANCE We offer recommendations for pathways toward women's empowerment and healthy livestock via inclusive innovations in agri-food systems. 2024-08 2024-06-14T14:44:47Z 2024-06-14T14:44:47Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/145235 en Open Access Elsevier Njiru, N., Galiè, A., Omondi, I., Omia, D., Loriba, A. and Awin, P. 2024. Gender transformative innovation: Women's inclusion in livestock vaccine systems in northern Ghana, Agricultural Systems, Volume 219, 2024, 104023, ISSN 0308-521X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104023. |
| spellingShingle | gender women livestock vaccines Njiru, Nelly Galiè, Alessandra Omondi, Immaculate A. Omia, Dalmas Loriba, Agnes Awin, Peter Gender transformative innovation: Women's inclusion in livestock vaccine systems in northern Ghana |
| title | Gender transformative innovation: Women's inclusion in livestock vaccine systems in northern Ghana |
| title_full | Gender transformative innovation: Women's inclusion in livestock vaccine systems in northern Ghana |
| title_fullStr | Gender transformative innovation: Women's inclusion in livestock vaccine systems in northern Ghana |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gender transformative innovation: Women's inclusion in livestock vaccine systems in northern Ghana |
| title_short | Gender transformative innovation: Women's inclusion in livestock vaccine systems in northern Ghana |
| title_sort | gender transformative innovation women s inclusion in livestock vaccine systems in northern ghana |
| topic | gender women livestock vaccines |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/145235 |
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