Rural underemployment and urbanisation: Insights from a 9-year panel from Malawi

Rural labour markets in Africa are frequently characterised by underemployment, with farmers unable to fully deploy throughout the year one of their most important assets—their labour. Using a nine-year panel data set on 1,407 working-age adults from rural Malawi, we document changes in rural undere...

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Main Authors: Van Cappellen, Hanne, De Weerdt, Joachim
Format: Journal Article
Language:Inglés
Published: Oxford University Press 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/144148
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author Van Cappellen, Hanne
De Weerdt, Joachim
author_browse De Weerdt, Joachim
Van Cappellen, Hanne
author_facet Van Cappellen, Hanne
De Weerdt, Joachim
author_sort Van Cappellen, Hanne
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description Rural labour markets in Africa are frequently characterised by underemployment, with farmers unable to fully deploy throughout the year one of their most important assets—their labour. Using a nine-year panel data set on 1,407 working-age adults from rural Malawi, we document changes in rural underemployment over this period and how they are associated with urbanisation. Nearby urban growth is linked to increased hours worked in casual labour (ganyu) and in non-agricultural sectors, at the expense of work on the household farm. Improved urban access is also associated with a small increase in wage labour and, at the intensive margin, with hours supplied in household enterprises. We draw lessons from these results for policies, investments and interventions to leverage urban growth for rural development.
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spelling CGSpace1441482025-10-26T12:55:35Z Rural underemployment and urbanisation: Insights from a 9-year panel from Malawi Van Cappellen, Hanne De Weerdt, Joachim underemployment rural employment farmers labour urbanization Rural labour markets in Africa are frequently characterised by underemployment, with farmers unable to fully deploy throughout the year one of their most important assets—their labour. Using a nine-year panel data set on 1,407 working-age adults from rural Malawi, we document changes in rural underemployment over this period and how they are associated with urbanisation. Nearby urban growth is linked to increased hours worked in casual labour (ganyu) and in non-agricultural sectors, at the expense of work on the household farm. Improved urban access is also associated with a small increase in wage labour and, at the intensive margin, with hours supplied in household enterprises. We draw lessons from these results for policies, investments and interventions to leverage urban growth for rural development. 2025-03-07 2024-05-29T16:57:04Z 2024-05-29T16:57:04Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/144148 en https://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.136900 Limited Access Oxford University Press Van Cappellen, Hanne; and De Weerdt, Joachim. Rural underemployment and urbanisation: Insights from a 9-year panel from Malawi. Journal of African Economies 34(2): 208–236. https://doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejae004
spellingShingle underemployment
rural employment
farmers
labour
urbanization
Van Cappellen, Hanne
De Weerdt, Joachim
Rural underemployment and urbanisation: Insights from a 9-year panel from Malawi
title Rural underemployment and urbanisation: Insights from a 9-year panel from Malawi
title_full Rural underemployment and urbanisation: Insights from a 9-year panel from Malawi
title_fullStr Rural underemployment and urbanisation: Insights from a 9-year panel from Malawi
title_full_unstemmed Rural underemployment and urbanisation: Insights from a 9-year panel from Malawi
title_short Rural underemployment and urbanisation: Insights from a 9-year panel from Malawi
title_sort rural underemployment and urbanisation insights from a 9 year panel from malawi
topic underemployment
rural employment
farmers
labour
urbanization
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/144148
work_keys_str_mv AT vancappellenhanne ruralunderemploymentandurbanisationinsightsfroma9yearpanelfrommalawi
AT deweerdtjoachim ruralunderemploymentandurbanisationinsightsfroma9yearpanelfrommalawi