Intertemporal choice and income regularity: Non-fungibility in the timing of income among Kenyan farmers

The optimal design of informal contracts in agricultural value chains depends on when farmers prefer to be paid for their output. While the evidence from time preference experiments suggests a preference for early payments, field studies often indicate that farmers will defer regular payments if giv...

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Autores principales: Kramer, Berber, Kunst, David
Formato: Journal Article
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: Informa UK Limited 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/142698
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author Kramer, Berber
Kunst, David
author_browse Kramer, Berber
Kunst, David
author_facet Kramer, Berber
Kunst, David
author_sort Kramer, Berber
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description The optimal design of informal contracts in agricultural value chains depends on when farmers prefer to be paid for their output. While the evidence from time preference experiments suggests a preference for early payments, field studies often indicate that farmers will defer regular payments if given the opportunity. In this study, we explicitly test whether farmers are more patient regarding regular, earned income than regarding experimental windfall payments. We asked farmers in a dairy cooperative in Kenya to allocate both their milk income and a one-time gift between an early and a deferred payment date. We find that a large majority of participants deferred their milk payments, while rarely choosing to defer the gift. Participants’ survey responses suggest that we observe this difference because of mental accounting: participants earmarked their regular milk payments, but not the gift, to save for bulky expenditures. We conclude that deferred payments can provide value to producers by functioning as a savings device, even when decisions over windfall income suggest a preference for early payments.
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spelling CGSpace1426982024-10-25T07:58:57Z Intertemporal choice and income regularity: Non-fungibility in the timing of income among Kenyan farmers Kramer, Berber Kunst, David supply chains dairy farming milk farmers cooperatives milk payments The optimal design of informal contracts in agricultural value chains depends on when farmers prefer to be paid for their output. While the evidence from time preference experiments suggests a preference for early payments, field studies often indicate that farmers will defer regular payments if given the opportunity. In this study, we explicitly test whether farmers are more patient regarding regular, earned income than regarding experimental windfall payments. We asked farmers in a dairy cooperative in Kenya to allocate both their milk income and a one-time gift between an early and a deferred payment date. We find that a large majority of participants deferred their milk payments, while rarely choosing to defer the gift. Participants’ survey responses suggest that we observe this difference because of mental accounting: participants earmarked their regular milk payments, but not the gift, to save for bulky expenditures. We conclude that deferred payments can provide value to producers by functioning as a savings device, even when decisions over windfall income suggest a preference for early payments. 2020-01-01 2024-05-22T12:10:53Z 2024-05-22T12:10:53Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/142698 en Open Access Informa UK Limited Kramer, Berber; and Kunst, David. Intertemporal choice and income regularity: Non-fungibility in the timing of income among Kenyan farmers. 2020. Journal of Development Studies 56(5): 1048-1064. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2019.1632436
spellingShingle supply chains
dairy farming
milk
farmers
cooperatives
milk payments
Kramer, Berber
Kunst, David
Intertemporal choice and income regularity: Non-fungibility in the timing of income among Kenyan farmers
title Intertemporal choice and income regularity: Non-fungibility in the timing of income among Kenyan farmers
title_full Intertemporal choice and income regularity: Non-fungibility in the timing of income among Kenyan farmers
title_fullStr Intertemporal choice and income regularity: Non-fungibility in the timing of income among Kenyan farmers
title_full_unstemmed Intertemporal choice and income regularity: Non-fungibility in the timing of income among Kenyan farmers
title_short Intertemporal choice and income regularity: Non-fungibility in the timing of income among Kenyan farmers
title_sort intertemporal choice and income regularity non fungibility in the timing of income among kenyan farmers
topic supply chains
dairy farming
milk
farmers
cooperatives
milk payments
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/142698
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