Escalation of real wages in Bangladesh: Is it the beginning of structural transformation?

With about 1,200 people per square kilometer, Bangladesh is one the most densely populated countries on the planet. The reality of intense population pressure is reflected in commonly portrayed images in the popular media, such as crowded buses and trains with passengers on top, endless lines of hum...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Zhang, Xiaobo, Rashid, Shahidur, Kaikaus, Ahmad, Ahmed, Akhter
Formato: Capítulo de libro
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: University Press Limited 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/142106
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author Zhang, Xiaobo
Rashid, Shahidur
Kaikaus, Ahmad
Ahmed, Akhter
author_browse Ahmed, Akhter
Kaikaus, Ahmad
Rashid, Shahidur
Zhang, Xiaobo
author_facet Zhang, Xiaobo
Rashid, Shahidur
Kaikaus, Ahmad
Ahmed, Akhter
author_sort Zhang, Xiaobo
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description With about 1,200 people per square kilometer, Bangladesh is one the most densely populated countries on the planet. The reality of intense population pressure is reflected in commonly portrayed images in the popular media, such as crowded buses and trains with passengers on top, endless lines of human-powered rickshaws, and deaths in the thousands from both natural and man-made disasters. With increasing landlessness, and a heavy reliance on labor markets, understanding the dynamics of wage formation in this setting is critically important for identifying the process of economic transformation and poverty reduction. However, both theories and empirics of wage determination in Bangladesh, and elsewhere in developing countries, have intrigued economists for decades. The neoclassical theories, where labor demand and wages are determined by the marginal physical product, cannot explain stable wages amid seemingly unlimited supply of workers and massive involuntary unemployment in developing countries like Bangladesh. The reason is simple: if market clearing conditions hold, unemployed workers should bid down wages until full employment as reached. One set of theories that provide a more coherent explanation of stable wages amid abundant labor supply has been the nutrition-based efficiency wage theory, originally proposed by Leibenstein (1957) and Mazumdar (1959). The premise of this theory is that since productivity depends on consumption, it is in the interest of the employers to pay a wage that ensures minimum calorie requirement of the workers so that they can work effectively.
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spelling CGSpace1421062025-11-06T04:10:51Z Escalation of real wages in Bangladesh: Is it the beginning of structural transformation? Zhang, Xiaobo Rashid, Shahidur Kaikaus, Ahmad Ahmed, Akhter wages structural change off-farm employment remuneration social safety nets poverty With about 1,200 people per square kilometer, Bangladesh is one the most densely populated countries on the planet. The reality of intense population pressure is reflected in commonly portrayed images in the popular media, such as crowded buses and trains with passengers on top, endless lines of human-powered rickshaws, and deaths in the thousands from both natural and man-made disasters. With increasing landlessness, and a heavy reliance on labor markets, understanding the dynamics of wage formation in this setting is critically important for identifying the process of economic transformation and poverty reduction. However, both theories and empirics of wage determination in Bangladesh, and elsewhere in developing countries, have intrigued economists for decades. The neoclassical theories, where labor demand and wages are determined by the marginal physical product, cannot explain stable wages amid seemingly unlimited supply of workers and massive involuntary unemployment in developing countries like Bangladesh. The reason is simple: if market clearing conditions hold, unemployed workers should bid down wages until full employment as reached. One set of theories that provide a more coherent explanation of stable wages amid abundant labor supply has been the nutrition-based efficiency wage theory, originally proposed by Leibenstein (1957) and Mazumdar (1959). The premise of this theory is that since productivity depends on consumption, it is in the interest of the employers to pay a wage that ensures minimum calorie requirement of the workers so that they can work effectively. 2021-10-27 2024-05-22T12:09:58Z 2024-05-22T12:09:58Z Book Chapter https://hdl.handle.net/10568/142106 en https://doi.org/10.2499/9789845063715 https://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134737 https://hdl.handle.net/10568/153437 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.06.015 Open Access application/pdf University Press Limited Zhang, Xiaobo; Rashid, Shahidur; Kaikaus, Ahmad; and Ahmed, Akhter. 2021. Escalation of real wages in Bangladesh: Is it the beginning of structural transformation? In Securing Food for All in Bangladesh, eds. Akhter Ahmed, Nurul Islam, and Mustafa K. Mujeri. Part Three: Food Security and Output Market, Chapter 10, Pp. 343-374. Dhaka, Bangladesh: University Press Limited. https://doi.org/10.2499/9789845063715_10
spellingShingle wages
structural change
off-farm employment
remuneration
social safety nets
poverty
Zhang, Xiaobo
Rashid, Shahidur
Kaikaus, Ahmad
Ahmed, Akhter
Escalation of real wages in Bangladesh: Is it the beginning of structural transformation?
title Escalation of real wages in Bangladesh: Is it the beginning of structural transformation?
title_full Escalation of real wages in Bangladesh: Is it the beginning of structural transformation?
title_fullStr Escalation of real wages in Bangladesh: Is it the beginning of structural transformation?
title_full_unstemmed Escalation of real wages in Bangladesh: Is it the beginning of structural transformation?
title_short Escalation of real wages in Bangladesh: Is it the beginning of structural transformation?
title_sort escalation of real wages in bangladesh is it the beginning of structural transformation
topic wages
structural change
off-farm employment
remuneration
social safety nets
poverty
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/142106
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AT rashidshahidur escalationofrealwagesinbangladeshisitthebeginningofstructuraltransformation
AT kaikausahmad escalationofrealwagesinbangladeshisitthebeginningofstructuraltransformation
AT ahmedakhter escalationofrealwagesinbangladeshisitthebeginningofstructuraltransformation