| Summary: | The COVID-19 pandemic is affecting national economies through several channels including global primary commodity trade and market disruptions. Countries have been affected by many of the measures taken to adapt to and control the spread of the disease. Measures enacted in response to the pandemic have had a major impact on both the demand for and the supply of commodities. They have reduced the availability of air cargo and shipping services, induced changes in port and airport operations, and impacted international trade and market access conditions. On the demand side, the net effect is likely to be negative in the short term, with a decrease in the global population’s propensity to consume and a decrease in intermediate consumption by firms.
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